{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:52:57Z","timestamp":1779904377240,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":271,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hong Kong Jockey Club Charity Trusts","award":["2024-0058-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-0058-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous evidence showed that frailty in older age and precarious housing characteristics, respectively, contribute to poorer heat-related health outcomes. It is not known whether these conditions would interact with each other to produce a larger impact on older people\u2019s health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in May\u2013July 2024 in a sample of older people aged 60 or over in Hong Kong, a city on the Southern coast of China. Frailty was measured using the Fried phenotype (five items). Housing characteristics were measured by whether it is a small flat (&amp;lt;100 square feet per person), living alone, inadequate housing (subdivided units or other forms), or whether the respondent had an air conditioner at home. Heat-related health outcomes were self-rated health, thermal comfort at home, and any heat-related signs\/symptoms during summertime. Multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard error was used. Relative risk due to interaction was used to characterize additive interaction between housing characteristics and frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 1,393 respondents who completed the questionnaire, about 60% reported being frail. Those who were frail were less likely to report thermally comfortable at home (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.87) and had a higher chance of reporting any heat-related signs\/symptoms (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.38). We found evidence of additive interaction between frailty and living alone, in which, only for those who were robust, living alone is related to a lower risk of heat-related signs\/symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Targeted interventions to improve the well-being of community-dwelling older adults during periods of extreme heat should be designed especially for those who are frail.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igaf105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T12:09:10Z","timestamp":1758888550000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationships between frailty, housing characteristics, and heat-health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric T C","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wui Ling","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7593-3081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CUHK Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 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