{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T11:36:18Z","timestamp":1788608178572,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG054371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG054371"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 AG059829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 AG059829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Experiences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its implications for psychological well-being may vary widely across the adult life span. The present study examined age differences in pandemic-related stress and social ties, and links with psychological well-being.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants included 645 adults (43% women) aged 18\u201397 (M = 50.8; SD = 17.7) from the May 2020 nationally representative Survey of Consumers. Participants reported the extent to which they felt stress related to the pandemic in the last month, the extent to which their lives had changed due to the pandemic, as well as social isolation, negative relationship quality, positive relationship quality, and frequency of depression, anxiety, and rumination in the past week.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Results showed that older people reported less pandemic-related stress, less life change, less social isolation, and lower negative relationship quality than younger people. Greater pandemic-related stress, life change, social isolation, and negative relationship quality were associated with poorer psychological well-being. Poorer social ties (i.e., greater social isolation and negative quality) exacerbated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (stress, life change) on psychological well-being.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Researchers have indicated that older adults may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and social isolation, but this study indicates that young adults may be relatively more vulnerable. Because isolation and negative relationship quality appear to exacerbate the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being, reducing social isolation and negative relations are potential targets for intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T07:54:14Z","timestamp":1608364454000},"page":"205-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"title":["Age Differences in Stress, Life Changes, and Social Ties During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Psychological Well-Being"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Kira S","family":"Birditt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Turkelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9260-9400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen L","family":"Fingerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2000-3228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney A","family":"Polenick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akari","family":"Oya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P70","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/58.2.P70","article-title":"Negative interactions in close relationships across the life span","volume":"58","author":"Akiyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0002","first-page":"41","article-title":"The daily inventory of stressful events: An interview-based approach for measuring daily stressors","volume":"9","author":"Almeida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0003","author":"American Psychological Association.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e256","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30061-X","article-title":"COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Armitage","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S304","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/62.5.S304","article-title":"The joint effects of life stress and negative social exchanges on emotional distress","volume":"62","author":"August","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000774","article-title":"Psychological sequelae of social isolation and loneliness might be a larger problem in young adults than older adults","volume":"12","author":"Beam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1366-8","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for gerontological social work","volume":"24","author":"Berg-Weger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition, Health, and Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021022314591802500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.06.029","article-title":"Life sustaining irritations? 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