{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:08:03Z","timestamp":1793326083690,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a recognized risk factor for unfavorable health outcomes. No prior systematic review has explored the association between ACEs and cognition in late life, a critical period for cognitive fluctuation. The objective of this review is to address the following research question: What is the association between ACEs and late-life cognition?<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Articles were obtained from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. The last search was performed in May 2021. Eligible articles examined the association between exposure to at least 1 ACE and the outcome of late-life cognition, measured either by cognitive testing or the presence\/absence of a neurocognitive disorder. Data were synthesized narratively using the synthesis without meta-analysis guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Adapted NOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty articles representing 18 unique studies were included in the narrative synthesis. Associations with lower late-life cognition were reported for: childhood maternal death, parental divorce, physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and combinations of ACEs. However, most results were statistically nonsignificant, and many were unlikely to be clinically important.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found an association between ACEs and late-life cognition. However, the direction and magnitude of association varied between and within types of ACEs and measures of cognitive function. Most included articles had a moderate risk of bias. This review is the first attempt to synthesize the literature on this topic and it outlines the next steps to improve the evidence base in the area.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnac041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,19]],"date-time":"2022-03-19T04:10:12Z","timestamp":1647663012000},"page":"1087-1103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Late-Life Cognition: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sectional and Case-Control Studies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Priya","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8190-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Oremus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00391","article-title":"Childhood trauma is nominally associated with elevated cortisol metabolism in severe mental disorder","volume":"11","author":"Aas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000256","article-title":"The association between adverse childhood experience (ACE) and school success in elementary school children","volume":"33","author":"Blodgett","year":"2018","journal-title":"School Psychology Quarterly,"},{"key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386","volume-title":"Introduction to meta-analysis","author":"Borenstein","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57826","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057826","article-title":"Childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms increase the risk of cognitive impairment in a sample of former indentured child laborers in old age","volume":"8","author":"Burri","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I6890","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: Reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Medical Journal,"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.11.010","article-title":"Childhood abuse in late-life depression","volume":"147","author":"Comijs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21861","article-title":"Cognitive function is preserved in older adults with a reported history of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"26","author":"Feeney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023071810495491500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. 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