{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:32:02Z","timestamp":1791340322655,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health","award":["U01AG032947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG032947"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant societal and technological changes in the 2010s called for an up-to-date understanding of the digital divide among older adults in the United States. This trend study aimed to examine the effects of race\/ethnicity and the intersecting effects of race\/ethnicity with other marginalized identities related to gender, income, education, and occupation on the first- and second-level digital divide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Utilizing a nationally representative sample of older community dwellers from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we conducted weighted logistic regressions at 3 time points (2011\/2013, 2015, and 2019). The first-level digital divide was measured by access to working phones or computers\/laptops; the second-level divide was measured by 7 activities in personal task, social, and health-related Internet use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first-level racial\/ethnic digital divide became nonsignificant in 2019, whereas the disparities in all second-level measures persisted. The intersecting effects of race\/ethnicity with low education and\/or low income became nonsignificant in 2019 for personal-task use. However, the interactions with low education and\/or low income became significant for social and health-related use in 2015 and\/or 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the persistence of the second-level racial\/ethnic digital divide among older community dwellers in the United States, especially the exacerbated social and health-related digital divide for people of color with low socioeconomic status. By considering intersections of marginalized social identities, policymakers and stakeholders should develop targeted strategies to bridge the digital divide, promote health outcomes, and reduce health disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnae079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T03:35:40Z","timestamp":1718854540000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Examining First- and Second-Level Digital Divide at the Intersection of Race\/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of the National Health and Aging Trends Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0606-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, College of Community and Public Affairs, The State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3747-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiayu Summer","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Urbana, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher , New York, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda D","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, Alabama , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, State University of New York , Albany, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared Zak","family":"Peet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, College of Community and Public Affairs, The State University of New York at Binghamton , Binghamton, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1145\/2481492.2481509","article-title":"Examining social media use among older adults","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media"},{"issue":"14","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8309","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148309","article-title":"Approaches to improvement of digital health literacy (eHL) in the context of person-centered care","volume":"19","author":"Busse","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":", 723925","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.723925","article-title":"Examining rural and racial disparities in the relationship between loneliness and social technology use among older adults","volume":"9","author":"Byrne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199255771.001.0001","volume-title":"The Internet galaxy: Reflections on the internet, business, and society","author":"Castells","year":"2002"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648211073605","article-title":"Urban\/rural digital divide exists in older adults: Does it vary by racial\/ethnic groups","volume":"41","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Gerontology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa066","article-title":"Does perceived ageism widen the digital divide? and does it vary by gender","volume":"60","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2333","article-title":"Internet use among older adults: Association with health needs, psychological capital, and social capital","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648211047347","article-title":"Telehealth use among older adults during COVID-19: Associations with sociodemographic and health characteristics, technology device ownership, and technology learning","volume":"41","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Gerontology"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39943-0_16","article-title":"A tale of two divides: Technology experiences among racially and socioeconomically diverse older adults","volume-title":"Human aspects of IT for the aged population. Design for aging","author":"Cotten","year":"2016"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0010","first-page":"93","article-title":"Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color","volume-title":"The public nature of private violence","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0011","article-title":"On intersectionality: Essential writings","volume-title":"Faculty Books","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0012","volume-title":"Critical race theory: An introduction","author":"Delgado","year":"2001"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.12.048","article-title":"Does SES explain more of the Black\/White health gap than we thought? Revisiting our approach toward understanding racial disparities in health","volume":"74","author":"Do","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12260","article-title":"Health disparities and delayed health care among older adults in California: A perspective from race, ethnicity, and immigration","volume":"33","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Nursing"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18105","article-title":"Exploring the intersection of structural racism and ageism in healthcare","volume":"70","author":"Farrell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0016","author":"Faverio","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0017","volume-title":"Designing for older adults: Principles and creative human factors approaches","author":"Fisk","year":"2020","edition":"2nd ed)"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.05.001","article-title":"Current trends in the study of gender norms and health behaviors","volume":"5","author":"Fleming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0019","author":"Freedman","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/2332649220922577","article-title":"A genealogy of critical race and digital studies: Past, present, and future","volume":"6","author":"Hamilton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sociology of Race and Ethnicity"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v7i4.942","article-title":"Second-level digital divide: Differences in people\u2019s online skills","volume":"7","author":"Hargittai","year":"2001","journal-title":"First Monday"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.22230\/cjc.2017v42n2a3176","article-title":"Old dogs, new clicks: Digital inequality in skills and uses among older adults","volume":"42","author":"Hargittai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03410-y","article-title":"Factors associated with Internet use and health information technology use among older people with multi-morbidity in the United States: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey 2018","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0024","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital skills and older workers","volume":"2021","author":"Hecker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban Institute"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0025","author":"Horowitz","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2020.1734782","article-title":"Health information technology use among older adults in the United States, 2009\u20132018","volume":"36","author":"Hung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818787348","article-title":"A review of Internet use among older adults","volume":"20","author":"Hunsaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3233\/WEB-150310","article-title":"Social media gerontology: Understanding social media usage among older adults","volume":"13","author":"Hutto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Web Intelligence"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1276-6","article-title":"Disparities at the intersection of marginalized groups","volume":"51","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/hsw\/35.4.257","article-title":"Can racial disparity in health between Black and White Americans be attributed to racial disparities in body weight and socioeconomic status","volume":"35","author":"Kahng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health & Social Work"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0031","author":"Kasper","year":"2013"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0032","author":"Kent","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx280","article-title":"Child maltreatment risk as a function of poverty and race\/ethnicity in the USA","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8093528","article-title":"Online social networking and addiction\u2014a review of the psychological literature","volume":"8","author":"Kuss","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2021.1942951","article-title":"Digital inequality among older adults: Explaining differences in the breadth of Internet use","volume":"26","author":"Leukel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Information, Communication & Society"},{"issue":"S11","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e054680","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.054680","article-title":"Smartphone ownership and usage in Chinese- and English-speaking older adults","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0037","first-page":"103689","article-title":"Revisiting the relationship between information and communication technologies and travel behavior: An investigation of older Americans","volume":"172","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/ppar\/prx011","article-title":"Improving the independence of older adults through technology: Directions for public policy","volume":"27","author":"Lindeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Policy & Aging Report"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnaa068","article-title":"The use of online health-management tools and health care utilization among older Americans","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071521-023913","article-title":"Multilevel determinants of digital health equity: A literature synthesis to advance the field","volume":"44","author":"Lyles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315778228-11","article-title":"Social media: From digital divide to empowerment","volume-title":"The Routledge companion to media and race","author":"Masullo Chen","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny138","article-title":"The digital divide in health-related technology use: The significance of race\/ethnicity","volume":"59","author":"Mitchell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0043","volume-title":"Race after the Internet","author":"Nakamura","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0044","author":"Perrin","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0045","author":"Perrin","year":"2015"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2017.07.007","article-title":"Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second- and third-level digital divide","volume":"34","author":"Scheerder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860601086546","article-title":"Promoting older adults\u2019 well-being through Internet training and use","volume":"11","author":"Shapira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aging & Mental Health"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0048","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 17","author":"StataCorp","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/15377938.2016.1187239","article-title":"It\u2019s not all Black and White: A propensity score matched, multilevel examination of racial drug sentencing disparities","volume":"14","author":"Stringer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnac178","article-title":"The intersectional impact of race\/ethnicity and sex on access to technology among older adults","volume":"63","author":"Suntai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gny036","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between purposes of Internet use and well-being among older adults","volume":"59","author":"Szabo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157917708329","article-title":"Smartphone Internet access and use: Extending the digital divide and usage gap","volume":"5","author":"Tsetsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mobile Media & Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/13691180801999050","article-title":"Grooming, Gossip, Facebook and Myspace","volume":"11","author":"Tufekci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Information, Communication & Society"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1108\/S2050-206020150000010002","article-title":"The third-level digital divide: Who benefits most from being online","volume-title":"Communication and Information Technologies Annual","author":"Van Deursen","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452229812","volume-title":"The deepening divide: Inequality in the information society","author":"van Dijk","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-020-10096-3","article-title":"Bridging digital divides: A literature review and research agenda for information systems research","volume":"25","author":"Vassilakopoulou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Information Systems Frontiers"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2017.1328024","article-title":"Acceptance of health-related ICT among elderly people living in the community: A systematic review of qualitative evidence","volume":"34","author":"Vassli","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-10-3","article-title":"Race, gender, class, and sexual orientation: Intersecting axes of inequality and self-rated health in Canada","volume":"10","author":"Veenstra","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0059","author":"Vogels","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.115786","article-title":"Reciprocal associations between social media use and self-perception of aging among older adults: Do men and women differ","volume":"321","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464820908427","article-title":"Trends in Internet use among older adults in the United States, 2011\u20132016","volume":"40","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Gerontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464818770772","article-title":"Older adults\u2019 Internet use for health information: Digital divide by race\/ethnicity and socioeconomic status","volume":"39","author":"Yoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Gerontology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1109695","article-title":"Mapping the two levels of digital divide: Internet access and social network site adoption among older adults in the USA","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Information, Communication & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024080813183297800_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infoandorg.2021.100341","article-title":"Inequality of what? An intersectional approach to digital inequality under Covid-19","volume":"31","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information and Organization"}],"container-title":["The Gerontologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geront\/gnae079\/58283122\/gnae079.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/article-pdf\/64\/9\/gnae079\/58775451\/gnae079.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/article-pdf\/64\/9\/gnae079\/58775451\/gnae079.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T15:35:08Z","timestamp":1723131308000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/geront\/gnae079\/7696414"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Joseph E","family":"Gaugler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnae079","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-9013","1758-5341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-9013","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"article-number":"gnae079"}}