{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:22:17Z","timestamp":1787764937050,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Administration for Community Living, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","award":["90EJIG0010-01-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90EJIG0010-01-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined racial\/ethnic and language-based differences in the Adult Protective Services (APS) process using the standardized Identification, Services, and Outcomes (ISO) Matrix tool to measure maltreatment identification during investigation, services, and outcomes post-intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from two California county APS programs for adults aged 65 and older (n\u2009=\u20091,330) were analyzed. Measures included maltreatment allegations (self-neglect, neglect by others, financial abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse), pre-test ISO Matrix scores, substantiation decisions, service types, and change in ISO Matrix scores from pre-test to case closure. Logistic regression models produced odds ratios (OR) by language (reference: English) and race\/ethnicity (reference: White), adjusted for multiple comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjustments, only financial abuse allegations were significantly higher among Black\/African American clients than White clients. Emotional abuse pre-test scores were lower for Asian (OR: 0.45), Hispanic (OR: 0.39), and higher for non-English-speaking (OR: 2.18) clients, while self-neglect scores were lower among non-English speakers (OR: 0.57). There were no differences in substantiation decisions, service types, or ISO Matrix change scores across language or racial\/ethnic groups. Change scores were influenced by client engagement and initial severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study, one of the first to use a standardized tool to assess APS disparities, found equitable substantiation and service provision across race and language groups. Financial abuse allegations were more frequently reported among Black\/African American clients, consistent with previous research. Emotional abuse varied by race and language, suggesting avenues for future research on cultural factors in abuse perception.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnag060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T11:47:59Z","timestamp":1787140079000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using a standardized tool (ISO-Matrix) to assess differences in the Adult Protective Services process by client race\/ethnicity and English language acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6964-5283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather Lee","family":"Mutchie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["United 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