{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:28:08Z","timestamp":1787923688126,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIA U01AG009740"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA U01AG009740"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified latent domains and usage-breadth patterns of everyday digital technology (EDT) engagement among older adults and examined their concurrent and prospective associations with cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analytic sample comprised 2,910 adults aged \u226565 who completed the 2020 Leave-Behind Questionnaire of the Health and Retirement Study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified latent domains across 31 digital activities, and latent class analysis (LCA) identified subgroups differing in engagement breadth. Structural equation models and class-based models examined associations with concurrent (2020) and prospective (2022) cognition, adjusting for prior cognition (2018) and other covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four domains\u2014information access, routine tools, social engagement, and logistic tasks\u2014were identified and confirmed. The domains were intercorrelated and loaded on a second-order general factor, reflecting a graded propensity toward digital engagement. LCA distinguished low-, moderate-, and broad-use groups, with engagement broadening in a patterned way in which the more demanding logistic tasks were endorsed least often, even among moderately engaged users. The general EDT factor, selected domain factors, engagement breadth, and digital gaming were positively associated with concurrent cognition, but none prospectively predicted cognition after adjustment for prior cognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EDT engagement is best understood as a graded propensity that varies primarily in breadth. Its concurrent associations, absent prospective prediction over a two-year interval, are more consistent with cognitive status shaping EDT engagement than with short-term cognitive benefits of EDT engagement. These findings caution against strong claims that digital engagement preserves cognition, while supporting older adults\u2019 digital participation may remain valuable on other grounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnag165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:56:10Z","timestamp":1785848170000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond digital access: domains and breadths of everyday digital technology engagement and associations with cognition among older adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0606-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoru","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Nanyang Technological University ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Binghamton University (SUNY) , Binghamton, New York,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0544-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonhyeog","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5228-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher , Suzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082801032104300_gnag165-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70235","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70235","article-title":"2025 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures","volume":"21","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"2026082801032104300_gnag165-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12486","article-title":"Video game training enhances cognitive control in older adults","volume":"501","author":"Anguera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082801032104300_gnag165-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e071658","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.071658","article-title":"The technological reserve hypothesis: A meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Benge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia"},{"key":"2026082801032104300_gnag165-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-025-02159-9","article-title":"A meta-analysis of technology use and cognitive aging","volume":"9","author":"Benge","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"2026082801032104300_gnag165-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106813","article-title":"Information and communication technology use in older adults: A unidirectional or bi-directional association with cognitive function?","volume":"121","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2026082801032104300_gnag165-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i162","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbr048","article-title":"Assessment of cognition using surveys and neuropsychological assessment: The Health and Retirement Study and the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study","volume":"66","author":"Crimmins","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. 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