{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:55:55Z","timestamp":1791572155955,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social isolation is a significant public health concern, yet trends across diverse demographic groups\u2014including age-differentiated patterns across the adult life course\u2014remain poorly characterized. This study examines the prevalence, temporal trends, and sociodemographic correlates of social isolation among U.S. adults of all ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drawing on 10 waves of the General Social Survey (2006\u20132024; N\u2009=\u200928,269), this study constructs an adapted three-domain social isolation typology\u2014living arrangement, social contact frequency, and religious attendance\u2014benchmarked against the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index and Cornwell and Waite\u2019s (2009) framework. Weighted multinomial logistic regression and a counterfactual decomposition estimated sociodemographic correlates and the contribution of declining religious participation to the overall trend.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An estimated 19.3% of U.S. adults were socially isolated and 2.0% severely isolated. Social integration scores declined from 2006 to a nadir in 2010, with partial recovery by 2024. Young adults (18\u201334) showed the highest bivariate isolation prevalence (22.5%), but lower or comparable adjusted odds once marital status and living arrangement were accounted for. Male gender, unmarried status, lower income, and non-urban residence were independently associated with higher isolation odds, whereas Black and Hispanic respondents showed lower odds than White respondents. Religious participation declined steadily, accounting for approximately 60% of the overall decline in social integration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spanning two decades\u2014including the 2008\u20132009 financial crisis, the opioid epidemic, and the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014this study extends the predominantly older-adult focus of prior research and identifies sociodemographic risk profiles for intervention, with implications for public health policy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnag187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T11:49:47Z","timestamp":1786189787000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends and sociodemographic correlates of social isolation in the United States, 2006\u20132024: evidence from the General Social Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-7914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngmin","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100914364235200_gnag187-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/56.2.s112","article-title":"Social networks among Blacks and Whites: The interaction between race and age","volume":"56","author":"Ajrouch","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"2026100914364235200_gnag187-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112674","article-title":"Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: A nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents","volume":"109","author":"Berkman","year":"1979","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026100914364235200_gnag187-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30142-9","article-title":"The growing problem of loneliness","volume":"391","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2026100914364235200_gnag187-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.7.3.331","article-title":"Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: Support for socioemotional selectivity theory","volume":"7","author":"Carstensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"2026100914364235200_gnag187-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240807300201","article-title":"The social connectedness of older adults: A national profile","volume":"73","author":"Cornwell","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"2026100914364235200_gnag187-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i38","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbp037","article-title":"Measuring social isolation among older adults using multiple indicators from the NSHAP study","volume":"64","author":"Cornwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"2026100914364235200_gnag187-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby037","article-title":"The epidemiology of social isolation: National Health and Aging Trends Study","volume":"75","author":"Cudjoe","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. 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