{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T13:05:44Z","timestamp":1789218344031,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) is the most common form of elder mistreatment in long-term care settings. Although race\/ethnicity is likely a contributing factor, research has been limited in examining the role of residents\u2019 race and ethnicity in RRA. We sought to define and qualitatively examine the predisposing factors and acute precipitants of race\/ethnicity-related resident-to-resident aggression (RE-RRA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Guided by the socioecological model, events-based perspective, and conceptual work on stigma-based aggression, we developed qualitative interview and data analytical guides. We conducted nine focus groups and twelve in-depth interviews with 81 nursing home staff from multiple clinical and non-clinical roles across two long-term care facilities on the U.S. East Coast. We coded qualitative data using a deductive thematic qualitative approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RE-RRA appeared to be a recurring interpersonal dynamic, though its full scope is likely under-detected and under-recognized. We identified five major types of RE-RRA, including physical violence, microaggression, social exclusion, and avoidance. Ten predisposing factors and eight acute precipitants uniquely contributed to RE-RRA, highlighting the importance of considering distinct race- and ethnicity-related elements in prevention research. We summarized our findings in a conceptual framework for RE-RRA that may be useful for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RE-RRA is a distinct phenomenon shaped by identifiable predisposing and precipitating factors, offering opportunities for future prevention and intervention development. These findings underscore the importance of integrating RE-RRA within staff education, existing clinical governance structures, including incident reporting, and quality improvement processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnag209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:14:14Z","timestamp":1788520454000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Role of Race and Ethnicity in Resident-to-Resident Aggression: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"E-Shien","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah \u00c7ongar","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine, , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taimur","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"ArchCare: Continuing Care Community of the Archdiocese of New York , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Teresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Stroud Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Mouton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch Department of Family Medicine, , Galveston, TX,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danya","family":"Keene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Public Health Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, , New Haven, CT,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonya","family":"Jhaveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara J","family":"Czaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine, , New York, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Pillemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Human Ecology, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"container-title":["The Gerontologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geront\/gnag209\/71046454\/gnag209.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/geront\/gnag209\/71046454\/gnag209.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T12:13:11Z","timestamp":1789215191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/gerontologist\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/geront\/gnag209\/8792927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnag209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-9013","1758-5341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-9013","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-5341","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"article-number":"gnag209"}}