{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:58:34Z","timestamp":1792641514682,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Caring for a person with dementia places a significant burden upon informal caregivers and leads to decreased psychological and physical health, which is why dementia caregiver interventions have been developed. However, empirical evidence for the efficacy of those interventions is inconclusive and the last comprehensive meta-analysis (Pinquart &amp; S\u00f6rensen. Helping caregivers of persons with dementia: Which interventions work and how large are their effects? International Psychogeriatrics. 2006;18(4), 577\u2013595.) was published more than 10 years ago.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research Design and Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This meta-analysis aims to update the meta-analysis conducted by Pinquart and S\u00f6rensen. Based on a systematic search in electronic data bases, effects of 282 controlled studies were integrated. The effectiveness of different intervention types and influences of study characteristics were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interventions had, on average, a significant, small-to-moderate effect on the improvement of ability\/knowledge, subjective well-being, burden, depression, and the caregiver\u2019s anxiety as well as symptoms of the care recipient. No mean effect was found in regard to reducing the risk of institutionalization. Most intervention types had an effect on the reduction of burden as well as on other outcomes. Psychoeducation and multicomponent interventions affected most outcomes, whereas the efficacy of other intervention types was domain-specific.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is evidence for the efficacy of dementia caregiver interventions, though due to having predominantly small effect sizes, there is still room for improvement. Interventions should be tailored to the desired outcome. More research on long-term effects, effects on anxiety and institutionalization, efficacy of respite and support interventions, care recipient training, and the intervention process is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnz118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T19:09:30Z","timestamp":1564081770000},"page":"e609-e619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["How Effective Are Dementia Caregiver Interventions? An Updated Comprehensive Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4496-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Pinquart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.1036","article-title":"Interventions to reduce the burden of caregiving for an adult with dementia: A meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Acton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Research in Nursing and Health"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1997.00392.x","article-title":"Major strain and coping strategies as reported by family members who care for aged demented relatives","volume":"26","author":"Almberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.18.3.396","article-title":"Using a new taxonomy to combine the uncombinable: Integrating results across diverse interventions","volume":"18","author":"Belle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013098124765","article-title":"Skills training for spouses of patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Outcomes of an intervention study","volume":"8","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Geropsychology"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.2\/hbrodaty","article-title":"Family caregivers of people with dementia","volume":"11","author":"Brodaty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0579.2003.00210.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia","volume":"51","author":"Brodaty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1159\/000355912","article-title":"The effect of psychosocial support intervention on depression in patients with dementia and their family caregivers: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Bruvik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12194","article-title":"Caregiver burden for informal caregivers of patients with dementia: A systematic review","volume":"62","author":"Chiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Nursing Review"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2660","article-title":"Caregiver support groups in patients with dementia: A meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Chien","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0011","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860500090078","article-title":"Depressive disorders in caregivers of dementia patients: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aging and Mental Health"},{"key":"2020112321463301900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610216001447","article-title":"Psychosocial intervention for carers of people with dementia: What components are most effective and when? 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