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However, a high-quality reference genome for the black widow spider was still unavailable, which hindered deep understanding and application of the valuable biomass.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We assembled the Latrodectus elegans genome, including a genome size of 1.57 Gb with contig N50 of 4.34 Mb and scaffold N50 of 114.31 Mb. Hi-C scaffolding assigned 98.08% of the genome to 14 pseudo-chromosomes, and with BUSCO, completeness analysis revealed that 98.4% of the core eukaryotic genes were completely present in this genome. Annotation of this genome identified that repetitive sequences account for 506.09 Mb (32.30%) and 20,167 protein-coding genes, and specifically, we identified 55 toxin genes and 26 spidroins and provide preliminary analysis of their composition and evolution.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We present the first chromosome-level genome assembly of a black widow spider and provide substantial toxin and spidroin gene resources. These high-qualified genomic data add valuable resources from a representative spider group and contribute to deep exploration of spider genome evolution, especially in terms of the important issues on the diversification of venom and web-weaving pattern. The sequence data are also firsthand templates for further application of the spider biomass.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giac049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T17:49:36Z","timestamp":1654019376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Chromosome-level genome assembly of the black widow spider <i>Latrodectus elegans<\/i> illuminates composition and evolution of venom and silk proteins"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0578-5735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, 510631, PR","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xian, 710072, PR","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8232-592X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kesen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University , Guangzhou, 510631, PR","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4289-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haorong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xian, 710072, 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