{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:52:10Z","timestamp":1792039930677,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Giardia is a protozoan parasite of public health relevance that causes gastroenteritis in a wide range of hosts. Two genetically distinct lineages (assemblages A and B) are responsible for the human disease. Although it is clear that differences in virulence occur, the pathogenesis and virulence of Giardia remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The genome of Giardia is believed to contain open reading frames that could encode as many as 6000 proteins. By successfully applying quantitative proteomic analyses to the whole parasite and to the supernatants derived from parasite culture of assemblages A and B, we confirm expression of ~1600 proteins from each assemblage, the vast majority of which are common to both lineages. To look for signature enrichment of secreted proteins, we considered the ratio of proteins in the supernatant compared with the pellet, which defined a small group of enriched proteins, putatively secreted at a steady state by cultured growing trophozoites of both assemblages. This secretome is enriched with proteins annotated to have N-terminal signal peptide. The most abundant secreted proteins include known virulence factors such as cathepsin B cysteine proteases and members of a Giardia superfamily of cysteine-rich proteins that comprise variant surface proteins, high-cysteine membrane proteins, and a new class of virulence factors, the Giardia tenascins. We demonstrate that physiological function of human enteric epithelial cells is disrupted by such soluble factors even in the absence of the trophozoites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We are able to propose a straightforward model of Giardia pathogenesis incorporating key roles for the major Giardia-derived soluble mediators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,20]],"date-time":"2018-01-20T00:51:33Z","timestamp":1516409493000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["<i>Giardia<\/i>\n                    secretome highlights secreted tenascins as a key component of pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Audrey","family":"Dubourg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK"},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, University of London, London, NW1 0TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Winpenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suha","family":"Al Naimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Health and Science, James Hehir Building, Neptune Quay, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, IP4 1QJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Bouzid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren W","family":"Sexton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M","family":"Wastling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR 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