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Each of these oligomeric toxins is comprised of one A polypeptide and five B polypeptides. The B-subunits bind to gangliosides, which are followed by uptake into the intoxicated cell and activation of the host\u2019s adenylate cyclase by the A-subunits. There are two antigenically distinct groups of these toxins. Group I includes cholera toxin and type I heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli; group II contains the type II heat-labile enterotoxins of E. coli. Three variants of type II toxins, designated LT-IIa, LT-IIb and LT-IIc have been described. Earlier studies revealed the crystalline structure of LT-IIb. Herein the carbohydrate binding specificity of LT-IIc B-subunits was investigated by glycosphingolipid binding studies on thin-layer chromatograms and in microtiter wells. Binding studies using a large variety of glycosphingolipids showed that LT-IIc binds with high affinity to gangliosides with a terminal Neu5Ac\u03b13Gal or Neu5Gc\u03b13Gal, e.g. the gangliosides GM3, GD1a and Neu5Ac\u03b13-\/Neu5Gc\u03b13--neolactotetraosylceramide and Neu5Ac\u03b13-\/Neu5Gc\u03b13-neolactohexaosylceramide. The crystal structure of LT-IIc B-subunits alone and with bound LSTd\/sialyl-lacto-N-neotetraose d pentasaccharide uncovered the molecular basis of the ganglioside recognition. These studies revealed common and unique functional structures of the type II family of heat-labile enterotoxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwab133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T12:09:51Z","timestamp":1640088591000},"page":"391-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characterization of the ganglioside recognition profile of <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIc"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Dani","family":"Zalem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Juh\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 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