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GAL3 promotes HIV-1 budding by associating with ALIX and Gag p6. GAL3 has been shown to localize in membrane lipid rafts in dendritic cells and positively regulate cell migration. HIV-1 spreads between T cells by forming supramolecular structures (virological synapses [VSs]), whose integrity depends on lipid rafts. Here, we addressed the potential role of GAL3 in cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 in CD4 T cells. GAL3 expressed in donor cells was more important for facilitating HIV-1 cell-to-cell transfer than GAL3 expressed in target cells. GAL3 was found to be co-transferred with Gag from HIV-1-positive donor to HIV-1-negative target T cells. HIV-1 infection induced translocation of GAL3 together with Gag to the cell\u2013cell interfaces and colocalize with GM1, where GAL3 facilitated VS formation. GAL3 regulated the coordinated transfer of Gag and flotillin-1 into plasma membrane fractions. Finally, depletion of GAL3 reduced the cholesterol levels in membrane lipid rafts in CD4 T cells. These findings provide evidence that endogenous GAL3 stimulates lipid raft components and facilitates intercellular HIV-1 transfer among CD4 T cells, offering another pathway by which GAL3 regulates HIV-1 infection. These findings may inform the treatment of HIV-1 infection based on targeting GAL3 to modulate lipid rafts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwac040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T11:07:06Z","timestamp":1657019226000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Galectin-3 facilitates cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission by altering the composition of membrane lipid rafts in CD4 T cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Fan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, 80708 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1963-0462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Hsien","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Han","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"},{"name":"PhD Program in Translational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, 80708 , Taiwan"},{"name":"Academia Sinica , Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8814-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cho-Ying","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pak-Guan","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Lin","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis , Sacramento, CA, 95817 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hau-Ming","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Chu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Chemistry , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis , Sacramento, CA, 95817 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6390-1178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences , 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