{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:19:41Z","timestamp":1778977181112,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM119850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM119850"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF20SA0066621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF20SA0066621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF10CC1016517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF10CC1016517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01GM32373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM32373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vertebrate sialic acids (Sias) display much diversity in modifications, linkages, and underlying glycans. Slide microarrays allow high-throughput explorations of sialoglycan\u2013protein interactions. A microarray presenting ~150 structurally defined sialyltrisaccharides with various Sias linkages and modifications still poses challenges in planning, data sorting, visualization, and analysis. To address these issues, we devised a simple 9-digit code for sialyltrisaccharides with terminal Sias and underlying two monosaccharides assigned from the nonreducing end, with 3 digits assigning a monosaccharide, its modifications, and linkage. Calculations based on the encoding system reveal &amp;gt;113,000 likely linear sialyltrisaccharides in nature. Notably, a biantennary N-glycan with 2 terminal sialyltrisaccharides could thus have &amp;gt;1010 potential combinations and a triantennary N-glycan with 3 terminal sequences, &amp;gt;1015 potential combinations. While all possibilities likely do not exist in nature, sialoglycans encode enormous diversity. While glycomic approaches are used to probe such diverse sialomes, naturally occurring bacterial AB5 toxin B subunits are simpler tools to track the dynamic sialome in biological systems. Sialoglycan microarray was utilized to compare sialoglycan-recognizing bacterial toxin B subunits. Unlike the poor correlation between B subunits and species phylogeny, there is stronger correlation with Sia-epitope preferences. Further supporting this pattern, we report a B subunit (YenB) from Yersinia enterocolitica (broad host range) recognizing almost all sialoglycans in the microarray, including 4-O-acetylated-Sias not recognized by a Yersinia pestis orthologue (YpeB). Differential Sia-binding patterns were also observed with phylogenetically related B subunits from Escherichia coli (SubB), Salmonella Typhi (PltB), Salmonella Typhimurium (ArtB), extra-intestinal E.coli (EcPltB), Vibrio cholera (CtxB), and cholera family homologue of E. coli (EcxB).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwac057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T08:47:21Z","timestamp":1661503641000},"page":"1101-1115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Simple and practical sialoglycan encoding system reveals vast diversity in nature and identifies a universal sialoglycan-recognizing probe derived from AB5 toxin B subunits"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Sasmal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naazneen","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Khedri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin P","family":"Kellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Pediatrics, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Verhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Department of Chemistry, , CA 95616 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders Bech","family":"Bruntse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Pediatrics, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nissi","family":"Varki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis","family":"Beddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Trobe University Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience, , Bundoora, Victoria 3086 , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne W","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Adelaide Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, , Adelaide, SA 5005 , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Adelaide Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, , Adelaide, SA 5005 , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Department of Chemistry, , CA 95616 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan E","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Pediatrics, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajit","family":"Varki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego Glycobiology Research and Training Center, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of California San Diego Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, , La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA"},{"name":"University of Adelaide Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, 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