{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:28:00Z","timestamp":1787657280340,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1202445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1202445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1186699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1186699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants alters the efficacy of existing immunity towards the viral spike protein, whether acquired from infection or vaccination. Mutations that impact N-glycosylation of spike may be particularly important in influencing antigenicity, but their consequences are difficult to predict. Here, we compare the glycosylation profiles and antigenicity of recombinant viral spike of ancestral Wu-1 and the Gamma strain, which has two additional N-glycosylation sites due to amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal domain (NTD). We found that a mutation at residue 20 from threonine to asparagine within the NTD caused the loss of NTD-specific antibody COVA2-17 binding. Glycan site-occupancy analyses revealed that the mutation resulted in N-glycosylation switching to the new sequon at N20 from the native N17 site. Site-specific glycosylation profiles demonstrated distinct glycoform differences between Wu-1, Gamma, and selected NTD variant spike proteins, but these did not affect antibody binding. Finally, we evaluated the specificity of spike proteins against convalescent COVID-19 sera and found reduced cross-reactivity against some mutants, but not Gamma spike compared to Wuhan spike. Our results illustrate the impact of viral divergence on spike glycosylation and SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwad097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T07:15:36Z","timestamp":1701414936000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of <i>N<\/i>-glycosylation in spike antigenicity for the SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6080-7047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra L","family":"Pegg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naphak","family":"Modhiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhys H","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto A","family":"Amarilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A","family":"Khromykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Burr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Health Services , Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Watterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland , Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia"},{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"27","key":"2024032804010408000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.1c00279","article-title":"Site-specific steric control of SARS-CoV-2 spike 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vulnerability","volume":"369","author":"Brouwer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024032804010408000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.1c00058","article-title":"Assessing antigen structural integrity through glycosylation analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike","volume":"7","author":"Brun","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Cent Sci"},{"key":"2024032804010408000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj5365","article-title":"Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern evade humoral immune responses from infection and vaccination","volume-title":"medRxiv","author":"Caniels","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024032804010408000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c01056","article-title":"Beyond shielding: the roles of glycans in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein","volume":"6","author":"Casalino","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Cent 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