{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T16:47:19Z","timestamp":1776271639992,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["814102; to A.S. & N.J."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["814102; to A.S. & N.J."]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute Strategic Programme Food Microbiome and Health","award":["BB\/X011054\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/X011054\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In addition to the specific causes of infertility, two components of the vaginal ecosystem, the vaginal microbiota and the cervicovaginal mucus (CVM), may be associated to reduced fecundity and the success of infertility treatments. The aim of this study was to explore the composition of the CVM O-glycans and vaginal microbiota in women with unexplained infertility. We collected CVM and vaginal swab samples during medically induced ovulation from 19 women with unexplained infertility. Mucin O-glycosylation profiles were generated through Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption\/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry and taxonomic profiles of the vaginal microbiota through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Altogether 57 O-glycan structures were identified, dominated by core 1 and 2 structures. A significant proportion, nearly 85%, of the glycans were fucosylated and five structures dominated the profiles, accounting for &amp;gt;50% of the glycans observed in most samples. The vaginal microbiota of the patients was dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus (79%), followed by Lactobacillus jensenii (32%) and Lactobacillus iners (21%) and Gardnerella vaginalis (5%, single sample). PERMANOVA analysis indicated significant associations between the glycan structures and dominant taxa (q\u00a0=\u00a00.0011, R2\u00a0=\u00a00.37).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This exploratory study provides initial insights into the composition and variation of CVM O-glycans in unexplained fertility and in relation to the vaginal microbiota composition, laying a groundwork for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwag023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T12:44:35Z","timestamp":1774701875000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploratory analyses of cervicovaginal mucus\n                    <i>O-<\/i>\n                    glycan composition and microbiota profiles in unexplained infertility"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0844-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Schahzad","family":"Saqib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Latousakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Food, Microbiome and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Quadram Institute Bioscience , NR4 7UQ, Norwich ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seppo","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Kalliala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , Level 2, Faculty Building, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0257-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiina","family":"Holster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-1315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Juge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Food, Microbiome and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich Research Park, Quadram Institute Bioscience , NR4 7UQ, Norwich ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Salonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026041511520057500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwab085","article-title":"Identification and characterization of O-linked glycans in cervical mucus as biomarkers of sperm transport: a novel sheep model","volume":"32","author":"Abril-Parreno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026041511520057500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwab024","article-title":"Vaginal sialoglycan foraging by Gardnerella vaginalis: mucus barriers as a meal for unwelcome 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