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Utilization of the ever-expanding knowledge base of the IgG scaffold provides a wealth of design options for therapeutic development. These therapeutics apply varied engineering strategies in various combinations utilizing three key IgG features: the crystallizable fragment (Fc), antigen-binding fragment (Fab), and the conserved N-glycans. Designs may be as simple as amino acid variants to modulate effector function or as complex as large designs incorporating additional Fab, Fc, and non-IgG domain fusions to modulate effector molecule recognition, valency, and antigen specificity. The engineering strategies and basic knowledge supporting these developments have been the subject of rapid expansion. Here we review multiple approaches and advances with a focus on the last five years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwag098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:49:43Z","timestamp":1791632983000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent immunoglobulin G1 engineering strategies to modulate immune effector functions for therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0805-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander R","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia , B122 Life Sciences Bldg, 120 East Green St., Athens, GA 30602 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3290-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam W","family":"Barb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia , B122 Life Sciences Bldg, 120 East Green St., Athens, GA 30602 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia , 315 Riverbend Rd., Athens, GA 30602 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia , 312 East Campus Rd., Suite 1299B, Athens, GA 30602 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101914215269200_ref1","volume-title":"Purple book database of licensed biological products [Internet]","author":"Administration USFDA","year":"2026"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101914215269200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1100-8","article-title":"Cross-presentation of IgG-containing immune 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