{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:44:45Z","timestamp":1792082685752,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blood transfusions, conducted between donors compatible in their red blood cell (RBC) antigens, play a life-saving role in transfusion medicine. Genetic differences at blood group loci between ethnicities result in diversity and altered frequency of RBC antigens that need to be considered in blood transfusions. Consequently, comprehensive and accurate blood group antigen typing is especially relevant for interethnic blood transfusions and for minorities underrepresented in the donor population. Blood group microarray genotyping is a cost-efficient and scalable method for comprehensive blood group typing. Previously, however, microarray typing was challenging for the clinically important blood group systems Rh and MNS, as these feature highly paralogous genomic loci, which lead to mixed signals. Here, we present an approach for accurately typing blood group systems, including Rh and MNS variations. We benchmarked this approach in an ethnically diverse cohort. We tested its performance using gold-standard, diagnostic-grade matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) data from 1052 samples, including 334 Centre d\u2019Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH)-diversity samples. Overall, we obtained a 99.95% benchmarking concordance and a 99.65% call rate. In summary, we provide a highly accurate and cost-efficient high-throughput genotyping method for comprehensive blood group analysis that is also suitable for ethnically diverse sample sets (https:\/\/github.com\/ikmb\/BloodTypingArray).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/gpbjnl\/qzag035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:46:06Z","timestamp":1777945566000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calling for Diversity: Improving Transfusion Safety Through High-Throughput Blood Group Microarray Genotyping"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-4196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Wittig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, , 24118 Kiel,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0125-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim Alexander","family":"Steiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, , 24118 Kiel,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1844-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hesham","family":"ElAbd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, , 24118 Kiel,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7516-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frauke","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, , 24118 Kiel,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8909-0345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Valenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, , Milan 20122,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Biological Resource Center Unit and Omics Science Lab, Transfusion Medicine Unit , , Milan 20122,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital , , Milan 20122,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2281-7498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Transfusion Medicine Unit, , Milan 20122,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7820-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Ronzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Transfusion Medicine Unit, , Milan 20122,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4353-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Bujanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, , CIBER \u2013 Networked Biomedical Research Centre in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, San Sebastian 20009,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5224-2373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus M","family":"Banales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, , San Sebastian 20018,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU) Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, , Leioa 48940,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd , , Madrid 28029,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Carlos III Health Institute) , , Madrid 28029,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao 48009,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"University of Navarra Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, , Pamplona 31009,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7160-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Blay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, German Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) , Badalona 08916,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Invernizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milano-Bicocca Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, , Monza 20854,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCSS San Gerardo dei Tintori , Monza 20900,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0732-3078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Buti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver unit, Hospital Universitario Valle Hebron and CIBER_EHD del Instituto Carlos III , Barcelona 08035,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5622-0489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona and the August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute , Barcelona 08036,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7164-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Sacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera , Genoa 16128,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6064-3620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Juli\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d\u2019Hebron Research Institute , Barcelona 08035,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3719-2061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Latiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS \u201cCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza\u201d Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, , San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia 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Institute of Epidemiology, , 24118 Kiel,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9678-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Juhl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Institute of Transfusion Medicine, , 24105 Kiel,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Gassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein Institute of Translational Medicine, , Triesen 9495, Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1530-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel & 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