{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:05:14Z","timestamp":1792785914761,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50DA054072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50DA054072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH HEAL Initiative"},{"name":"HEAL Data2Action Program","award":["U2CDA057717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CDA057717"]}]},{"name":"HEAL Data2Action Program","award":["U2CDA057717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CDA057717"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and Medicaid beneficiaries are disproportionally impacted. No studies have comprehensively examined patterns of treatment among Medicaid beneficiaries with low back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We quantitatively described modalities of treatment and low-value care received following a low back pain diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries across the United States. We then qualitatively explored factors that influence treatment patterns by interviewing chronic pain experts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On average, 39.6% of patients received a prescription opioid in the 12 months following diagnosis and 41.2% received conservative therapies\u2014noninvasive, nonpharmacological methods including physical, manual, or psychological therapies. Prescription nonopioid analgesic medications were the most common modality received first (57.8%) and across the 12 months following diagnosis (74.1%). On average, 8.9% of patients received high-dose, long-term opioid therapy (&amp;gt;120 morphine milligram equivalents\/d for \u226590 days) and 31.7% received early imaging; both indicators for low-value care. Chronic pain experts highlighted challenges related to Medicaid coverage for conservative therapies, limited access to pain specialists, and social and economic factors influencing treatment access and utilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Barriers, including Medicaid coverage limitations, provider access challenges, and economic factors, likely impact patterns of low back pain treatment among individuals enrolled in Medicaid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxaf180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T07:07:52Z","timestamp":1757315272000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Management of low back pain among Medicaid beneficiaries: modalities, patterns, and perspectives across states"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4790-4731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla N","family":"Tormohlen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10022 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Cornell Health Policy Center, Cornell University and Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10022 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3962-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christie","family":"Lee Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10022 ,","place":["United 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Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT 06516 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1323-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patience M","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence, RI 02903 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0788-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William C","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT 06510 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health , New Haven, CT 06510 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System , West Haven, CT 06516 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1419-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Haegerich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (retired) , Bethesda, MD 20852 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma E","family":"McGinty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10022 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Cornell Health Policy Center, Cornell University and Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10022 ,","place":["United 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