{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T18:29:05Z","timestamp":1792348145121,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory infections, including pneumococcal disease (PD), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, and COVID-19, impose substantial health and economic burdens on adults in the United States. Although vaccines are available, coverage remains suboptimal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a societal-perspective benefit\u2013cost analysis of adult PD, RSV, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccination programs. Four disease models estimated averted morbidity, mortality, and productivity losses. We evaluated current CDC recommendations and scenarios of varying eligibility and coverage. A complementary analysis estimated the net present value of 1 year's vaccination activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Under current age-based recommendations, vaccination prevents over 182 000 deaths and 2.5 million hospitalizations within 15 years. Society values these outcomes at 5-12 times the cost of delivering the programs. Including at-risk adults averts an additional 13 600 deaths. Restricting eligibility or coverage could increase vaccine-preventable hospitalizations by over 1 million, increasing healthcare costs by almost $50 billion; expanding eligibility and increasing coverage to 75% substantially improves societal welfare and could additionally avert over 100 000 deaths. One year's vaccination activity prevents \u223c300 000 hospitalizations, and \u223c18 500 deaths, generating $6\u2013$12 in societal value per $1 spent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult respiratory vaccination programs generate considerable societal returns. Increasing coverage and sustaining clear, evidence-based recommendations can unlock further health and economic gains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxag114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:19:27Z","timestamp":1778498367000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Socioeconomic value of adult respiratory vaccination in the United States: a benefit-cost analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6876-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claud","family":"Theakston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Health Economics , London SE1 2HB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2660-8871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc. , NewYork, NY 10001 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