{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:40:38Z","timestamp":1793727638871,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022902","name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001352","name":"National University of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Academic Health Programme"},{"name":"POPUP"},{"name":"AHP"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011744","name":"National University Health System Pte Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Precision medicine (PM) adoption is accelerating across Asia, but implementation remains uneven due to differences in financing, infrastructure, governance, and health-system readiness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine how six Asian countries (Singapore, South Korea, China, Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia) adopt, finance, and integrate PM technologies, and identify common implementation patterns and challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A landscape review of peer-reviewed literature, government publications, and HTA reports (2010-2026) was conducted, supplemented by stakeholder consultations. PM applications were grouped into public health screening (hereditary breast and ovarian cancer [HBOC] and familial hypercholesterolemia [FH] cascade testing), next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications (rare diseases, oncology, pharmacogenomics), and AI-enabled PM. Evidence was synthesized across access, awareness, reimbursement, and implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public health genomic screening demonstrated the highest implementation readiness, followed by precision oncology, while rare disease diagnostics remained infrastructure-dependent and pharmacogenomics and AI-enabled PM platforms were at earlier stages. Four readiness profiles emerged: highly aligned systems; reimbursement-constrained systems with strong governance and infrastructure; systems strengthening governance, public financing and infrastructure; and strategy-led systems expanding implementation through pilot programs and referral centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PM implementation across Asia remains heterogeneous. The identified readiness profiles highlight governance, financing, and infrastructure priorities for sustainable and equitable PM diffusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxag238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:04:07Z","timestamp":1788267847000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Financing and health system capacity for precision medicine in Asia: a six country landscape analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9704-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adena Li Tyin","family":"Peh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549 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