{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:00:56Z","timestamp":1791475256117,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semaglutide and tirzepatide, the 2 most recently approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have demonstrated substantial effectiveness in weight management. However, evidence on treatment inequities remains limited. This study assesses temporal trends and sociodemographic disparities in semaglutide and tirzepatide prescription.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using claims data from Komodo Health, we identified commercially insured individuals aged 18\u201364 years with overweight or obesity but without type 2 diabetes. We estimated 6-month cumulative incidence of semaglutide and tirzepatide prescription across sociodemographic groups and examined disparities by health care provider socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six-month cumulative incidence of prescription increased from 1.9% to 16.6% over the study period. Higher access was associated with being female, non-Hispanic White, in higher body mass index categories, and seen at a higher socioeconomic status (SES)\u2013quartile provider. Uptake was significantly lower in lower provider neighborhood SES groups (lowest quartile adjusted odds ratio: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.73\u20130.78, compared with the highest quartile), and the differences widened over time. The SES disparities were more pronounced at lower BMI categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prescription of semaglutide and tirzepatide increased rapidly from 2021 to 2025. Sociodemographic disparities widened over time. Policies addressing provider-level resourcing and pharmaco-equity in drug benefit design are needed to prevent these therapies from exacerbating existing health disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxag255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:25:26Z","timestamp":1789755926000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sociodemographic disparities in semaglutide and tirzepatide prescription for obesity treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0540-4567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh Trung","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, MA 02118 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8502-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew 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