{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:44:14Z","timestamp":1792759454126,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Introduction: This study examines artificial intelligence (AI) policies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and their implications for health systems and public health. Methods: We searched and reviewed 59 official AI-related policies from 27 Asian and African LMICs issued up to December 2025. An inductive codebook was developed to analyze policy patterns. Results: Policy development has accelerated since 2020, yet healthcare-specific AI regulation remains rare, with most policy documents emphasizing the general AI governance. Across regions, policies consistently prioritize data, ethics, institutional frameworks, infrastructure, and workforce development, while monitoring, environmental sustainability, and sector-specific regulation receive limited attention. African policies more often address workforce displacement, foreign investment, and environmental sustainability, whereas Asian policies emphasize domestic resource mobilization and skills development. Investment commitments are rarely linked to measurable health system outcomes. Conclusions: Overall, the primary health governance gap lies not in the absence of responsible AI principles, but in their limited translation into sector-specific operational requirements. Cross-sectoral governance should therefore be complemented by health-specific requirements for clinical validation, human oversight, accountability, and post-deployment monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxag295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:39:05Z","timestamp":1792669145000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI): An Analysis of AI Policies in Selected Low- and Middle-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9207-6971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyou","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University , Durham, NC 27701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1964-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrihaan","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University , Durham, NC 27701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9128-0980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Bourget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University , Durham, NC 27701"},{"name":"Innovations in Healthcare , Durham, NC 27701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7789-5779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine O","family":"Robsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Practice and Impact, Georgetown University , Washington, D.C"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8954-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna","family":"Udayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University , Durham, NC 27701"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University , Durham, NC 27701"},{"name":"Innovations in Healthcare , Durham, NC 27701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9214-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University , Durham, NC 27701"},{"name":"Duke Global Health Innovation Center, Duke University , Durham, NC 27701"},{"name":"Innovations in Healthcare , Durham, NC 27701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"container-title":["Health Affairs Scholar"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/healthaffairsscholar\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/haschl\/qxag295\/72437075\/qxag295.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/healthaffairsscholar\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/haschl\/qxag295\/72437075\/qxag295.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:00:11Z","timestamp":1792756811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/healthaffairsscholar\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/haschl\/qxag295\/8993778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/haschl\/qxag295","relation":{},"ISSN":["2976-5390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2976-5390","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"article-number":"qxag295"}}