{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:52:32Z","timestamp":1793022752690,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Malnutrition due to persistent food insecurity has been a serious public health issue in Kenya. An unconditional cash transfer programme, the Hunger Safety Net Programme (HSNP), was launched in 2009 in northern Kenya to reduce extreme poverty and to mitigate food insecurity. This study investigates the impact of the HSNP, on expenditure on food, types of food consumed and nutritional intake. Focusing on nutritional intake as well as spending and consumption is important because an unconditional cash transfer, which does not specify how the transferred money must be used, does not guarantee nutritional intake improvement. Converting food consumption data to caloric intake and nutrient content using food consumption databases, we calculate the intake of five macro-nutrients, seven vitamins and seven minerals and then estimate the impacts on nutritional intake 12 and 24\u2009months after treatment exposure. This study finds the increased total expenditure on food items. Specifically, the beneficiary households increased their expenditure on milk and milk products and that on sugar after 12\u2009months and expenditure on roots and tubers after 24\u2009months. For consumption amounts, however, the HSNP did not show significant increases in all food categories except sugar. On the other hand, the HSNP improved the nutritional intakes of some macro- and micro-nutrients. The results show that beneficiary households substantially increased their intake of fat by 25.2% after 24\u2009months and their intake of vitamin B12 by 36.6% and calcium by 34.9% after 12\u2009months. The result does not yield sufficiently strong evidence that poorer households significantly enjoy greater improvements than other households.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czaa030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T16:09:59Z","timestamp":1585066199000},"page":"784-798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Do cash transfers increase nutritional intakes? Experimental evidence from an unconditional cash transfer in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B1","author":"Adato","year":"2007"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60817-4","article-title":"Efficacy of iron-fortified whole maize flour on iron status of schoolchildren in Kenya: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Andang\u2019o","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B5","author":"Attanasio","year":"2005"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0084.2005.00131.x","article-title":"Programme evaluation with unobserved heterogeneity and selective implementation: the Mexican PROGRESA impact on child nutrition","volume":"67","author":"Behrman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1162\/003355304772839588","article-title":"How much should we trust differences-in- differences estimates?","volume":"119","author":"Bertrand","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1086\/345361","article-title":"The history of food fortification in the United States: its relevance for current fortification efforts in developing countries","volume":"51","author":"Bishai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Economic Development and Cultural Change"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2017.11.002","article-title":"Impacts of the Malawi social cash transfer program on household food and nutrition security","volume":"76","author":"Brugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B11","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B12","author":"Ferre","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-015-0038-5","article-title":"Are there changes in the nutritional status of children of Oportunidades families in rural Chiapas, Mexico? A cohort prospective study","volume":"35","author":"Garcia-Parra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B14","first-page":"135","article-title":"Revisiting the \u201ccash versus food\u201d debate: new evidence for an old puzzle?","volume":"31","author":"Gentilini","year":"2015","journal-title":"The World Bank Research Observer"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1257\/0002828041302109","article-title":"Do conditional cash transfers improve child health? Evidence from PROGRESA\u2019s control randomized experiment","volume":"94","author":"Gertler","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"2020101313544634400_czaa030-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2013.11.009","article-title":"Cash, food, or vouchers? 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