{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T14:29:27Z","timestamp":1793456967833,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>High prevalence of anaemia is a severe public health problem in India. In 2018, India launched the Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) strategy that focuses on six beneficiary groups for coverage, six institutional mechanisms for health system strengthening and six programmatic interventions to accelerate reductions in anaemia prevalence. This paper uses the Health Management Information System data (2017\u201318 to 2019\u201320) to examine gains in IFA coverage across Indian states. A coverage-based AMB index is computed to review performance across states. After the launch of AMB strategy, the Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation coverage between 2017\u201318 and 2019\u201320 has increased for all beneficiary groups [pregnant women from 78% to 90%; lactating mothers from 34% to 49%; school going adolescent girls (boys) from 23% to 40% (21% to 42%); out-of-school adolescent girls from 6% to 23%; children 5\u20139\u2009years from 8% to 3% and children 6\u201359\u2009months from 7% to 15%]. Coverage was relatively low for target groups being served through a multi-departmental convergence mechanism (health and other departments such as education department for schools or women and child development department for Anganwadi centres) than compared to those served by health department alone. However, no major gender disparities are noted in the coverage of IFA supplementation among school-going girls and boys. Bulk of the variations in coverage is attributable to state-specific differences. Training and sensitization workshops for state and district officials are found to be associated with increased coverage across beneficiary groups. The paper argues that despite following international best practices in the field, it is important to harness synergy in programme implementation across line departments to eliminate coverage inefficiencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czac015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T12:19:05Z","timestamp":1645791545000},"page":"597-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Coverage of iron and folic acid supplementation in India: progress under the Anemia Mukt Bharat strategy 2017\u201320"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3282-658X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Joe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Research Centre, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University Enclave (North Campus) , Delhi 110007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Rinju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narendra","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University Enclave (North Campus) , Delhi 110007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby","family":"Alambusha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University Enclave (North Campus) , Delhi 110007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0636-318X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharati","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division, National Institute of Nutrition , Jamai Osmania PO, Hyderabad 500007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapil","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Community Medicine (CCM), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi 110029, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vani","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, UNICEF India , 73 Lodi Estate, New Delhi 110003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022060715421765200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1697-2","article-title":"How can formative research inform the design of an iron-folic acid supplementation intervention starting in first trimester of pregnancy in Bangladesh?","volume":"15","author":"Alam","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315667546-11","volume-title":"Undernutrition and Public Policy in India: Investing in the future","author":"Avula","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2019.102428","article-title":"Implementation and effects of India\u2019s national school-based iron supplementation program","volume":"144","author":"Berry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Development Economics"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R4","first-page":"41","article-title":"Prevention and control of micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries: current perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Berti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition and Dietary Supplements"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R5","article-title":"A discrepancy in logistics and supply chain management: findings from National Iron Plus Initiative process documentation in Odisha","volume":"6","author":"Bhatia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Community and Family Medicine"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R6","article-title":"Operational issues and lessons learned during National Iron Plus Initiative documentation in Eastern India","volume":"5","author":"Bhatia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Community and Family Medicine"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R0006a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2004.00365.x","article-title":"Variance partitioning in multilevel logistic models that exhibit overdispersion","volume":"168","author":"Browne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society)"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R7","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of eLearning in health management and leadership capacity building in health system: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Car","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Resources for Health"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980012002704","article-title":"Factors associated with high compliance\/feasibility during iron and folic acid supplementation in a tribal area of Madhya Pradesh, India","volume":"16","author":"Chakma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14092","article-title":"Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"1450","author":"Chaparro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105769","article-title":"Educational disruption: impact of COVID-19 on students from the Northeast states of India","volume":"120","author":"Debbarma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572116637721","article-title":"Determinants of persistent anemia in poor, urban pregnant women of Chandigarh City, North India: a mixed method approach","volume":"37","author":"Diamond-Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food and Nutrition Bulletin"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-020-2072-7","article-title":"Indian Academy of Pediatrics guidelines on school reopening, remote learning and curriculum in and after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"57","author":"Ghate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.11.056","article-title":"Health sector priority setting at meso-level in lower and middle income countries: lessons learned, available options and suggested steps","volume":"102","author":"Hipgrave","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R14","volume-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015-16: India","author":"IIPS and ICF","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1782_18","article-title":"National Iron Plus Initiative: current status & future strategy","volume":"150","author":"Kapil","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R17","first-page":"615","article-title":"A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010","volume":"123","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood, the Journal of the American Society of Hematology"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017002828","article-title":"Community-based distribution of iron\u2013folic acid supplementation in low-and middle-income countries: a review of evidence and programme implications","volume":"21","author":"Kavle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-8028-4","volume-title":"Handbook on Impact Evaluation: Quantitative Methods and Practices","author":"Khandker","year":"2009"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1014_19","article-title":"Understanding barriers in implementation and scaling up WIFS from providers perspective: a mixed-method study, Rishikesh, India","volume":"9","author":"Khapre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4088-z","article-title":"Understanding the role of intersectoral convergence in the delivery of essential maternal and child nutrition interventions in Odisha, India: a qualitative study","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Runmlwin-a program to Run the MLwiN multilevel modelling software from within stata","volume":"52","author":"Leckie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.097709","article-title":"Effectiveness evaluation of the food fortification program of Costa Rica: impact on anemia prevalence and hemoglobin concentrations in women and children","volume":"101","author":"Martorell","year":"2015","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R25","volume-title":"Anemia Mukt Bharat: intensified \u2013 National Iron Plus Initiative: operational guidelines for program managers, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","author":"MoHFW","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R26","volume-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-21, Compendium of fact sheets, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","author":"MoHFW","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2020.1837413","article-title":"From the frontlines to centre stage: resilience of frontline health workers in the context of COVID-19","volume":"28","author":"Nanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R28","first-page":"2607","article-title":"Control of iron deficiency anemia in low-and middle-income countries","volume":"121","author":"Pasricha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood, the Journal of the American Society of Hematology"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R29","first-page":"835","article-title":"POSHAN Abhiyaan: making nutrition a jan andolan","volume":"84","author":"Paul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R30","volume-title":"Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata","author":"Rabe-Hesketh","year":"2008"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R31","first-page":"40","article-title":"Reviewing anemia and iron folic acid supplementation program in Bangladesh-a special article","volume":"39","author":"Rashid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bangladesh Medical Journal"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.212","article-title":"Preventing childhood anemia in India: iron supplementation and beyond","volume":"67","author":"Sachdev","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30094-8","article-title":"Characterisation of the types of anaemia prevalent among children and adolescents aged 1\u201319 years in India: a population-based study","volume":"4","author":"Sarna","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/nvsm.1438","article-title":"Alternative approaches to decreasing maternal anemia: identifying the need for social marketing strategies to promote iron-folic acid supplementation in the Peruvian highlands","volume":"17","author":"Shaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12532","article-title":"Barriers and enablers for iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation in pregnant women","volume":"14","author":"Siekmans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Nutrition"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R36","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health services in Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R37","article-title":"Replicating Tamil Nadu\u2019s drug procurement model","volume":"47","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.128793","article-title":"Iron interventions for women and children in low-income countries","volume":"141","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015001652","article-title":"Iron+ folic acid distribution and consumption through antenatal care: identifying barriers across countries","volume":"19","author":"Sununtnasuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz009","article-title":"Dietary iron intake and anemia are weakly associated, limiting effective iron fortification strategies in India","volume":"149","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210634","article-title":"Demand and supply factors of iron-folic acid supplementation and its association with anaemia in North Indian pregnant women","volume":"14","author":"Varghese","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02722084","article-title":"Evaluation of national nutritional anemia prophylaxis programme","volume":"57","author":"Vijayaraghavan","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1601600108","article-title":"diff: Simplifying the estimation of difference-in-differences treatment effects","volume":"16","author":"Villa","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Stata Journal"},{"key":"2022060715421765200_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3017-x","article-title":"Identifying bottlenecks in the iron and folic acid supply chain in Bihar, India: a mixed-methods study","volume":"18","author":"Wendt","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"}],"container-title":["Health Policy and Planning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapol\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/heapol\/czac015\/42893445\/czac015.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapol\/article-pdf\/37\/5\/597\/43972426\/czac015.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapol\/article-pdf\/37\/5\/597\/43972426\/czac015.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T02:53:49Z","timestamp":1700276029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapol\/article\/37\/5\/597\/6539775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapol\/czac015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2237"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2237","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]}}}