{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:21:31Z","timestamp":1787905291598,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988, more than US$20 billion has been invested globally in polio eradication. The World Health Organization and its partners are currently supporting Member States to transition the functions used to eradicate polio to strengthen their health systems. This study analyses global polio activities through the lens of health systems and the Common Goods for Health (CGH). Polio activities include key health system functions such as surveillance and response systems and immunization, which are essential to maintaining resilient health systems. They also support essential functions such as policy development, planning, training and capacity building, which are often underfunded in many countries. To improve overall resilience, it is critical to continue to integrate these functions into local health systems so that the capacity built through the polio eradication programme can be used for broader public health purposes. It is vital that this integration process be tailored to each country\u2019s unique health system context, rather than using a one-size-fits-all approach. While integration of all polio activities into local health systems is ideal, the transition to domestic financing may be coordinated with other global health financing mechanisms. This would reduce funding fragmentation and transaction costs, and allow for a focus on health system functions as a whole rather than just disease-specific efforts. The transition to domestic financing of polio activities could be staggered, prioritizing the transition to domestic funding for activities with limited global externalities, while seeking longer-term external funding for those that are global CGH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czad093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T01:58:02Z","timestamp":1705975082000},"page":"i93-i106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Leveraging global investments for\u00a0polio eradication to strengthen health systems\u2019 resilience through transition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8671-9400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Tediosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil 4123, Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel , Petersplatz 1, P. O. Box 4001, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0753-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan , Via Festa del Perdono, 7, Milano, 20122, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcy","family":"Levison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Transition Programme, World Health Organization , 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Ekeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Transition Programme, World Health Organization , 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Politi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polio Transition Programme, World Health Organization , 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050218033499700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czac064","article-title":"How to do (or not to do)\u2026using causal loop diagrams for\u00a0health system research in\u00a0low and\u00a0middle-income settings","volume":"37","author":"Cassidy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R2","volume-title":"EBOOK: Applied Systems Thinking for Health Systems Research: A Methodological Handbook","author":"De Savigny","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R3","article-title":"Country Strategic Plans on\u00a0Polio Transition: Integrated Public Health Teams \u2013 Syrian Arab Republic","author":"Government of Syrian Arab Republic","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R4","article-title":"Country Strategic Plans on\u00a0Polio Transition: Integrated Public Health Teams \u2013 Country Update \u2013 Sudan","author":"Government of the Republic of the Sudan","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00314-4","article-title":"The Global Polio Eradication Initiative\u2014polio eradication cannot be the only goal","volume":"9","author":"Groce","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R6","article-title":"Reimagining health systems as systems for\u00a0health","volume":"379","author":"Marten","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006002","article-title":"30 years of\u00a0polio campaigns in\u00a0Ethiopia, India and\u00a0Nigeria: the impacts of\u00a0campaign design on\u00a0vaccine hesitancy and\u00a0health worker motivation","volume":"6","author":"Neel","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.11.037","article-title":"Sustainable financing for\u00a0Immunization Agenda 2030","volume":"Dec 1:S0264-410X(22)","author":"Saxenian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R9","article-title":"Systems for\u00a0health: everyone has a role","volume-title":"Flagship report of the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research","author":"Shroff","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czac030","article-title":"Rethinking external assistance for\u00a0health","volume":"37","author":"Shroff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00103","article-title":"Return on\u00a0investment from immunization against 10 pathogens in\u00a094 Low- and\u00a0middle-income countries, 2011\u201330","volume":"39","author":"Sim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.10.026","article-title":"Economic analysis of\u00a0the global polio eradication initiative","volume":"29","author":"Tebbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.","article-title":"Polio health economics: assessing the benefits and\u00a0costs of\u00a0polio, non-polio, and\u00a0integrated activities of\u00a0the Global Polio Eradication Initiative [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]","volume":"6","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gates Open Research"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R14","article-title":"The end of\u00a0the beginning","volume-title":"First Report of the Polio Transition Independent Monitoring Board","author":"TIMB","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R15","article-title":"One door closes, another opens","volume-title":"Second Report of the Polio Transition Independent Monitoring Board","author":"TIMB","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024050218033499700_R16","article-title":"Building stronger resilience. 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