{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T02:08:01Z","timestamp":1793758081993,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["138261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["138261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004513","name":"Harry Crossley Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["138261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["138261"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004513","name":"Harry Crossley Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Farm workers are vulnerable working populations who face significant inequalities in accessing health services, including those for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, treatment and care. This descriptive phenomenological study aimed to explore farm workers\u2019 experiences when accessing HIV services and was conducted in Limpopo province, South Africa. Eighteen in-depth interviews were conducted in four health facilities from two districts, and two focus group discussions were conducted in one of the farms within the province. Purposive sampling and systematic random sampling were used to select study participants. A deductive thematic approach was used to analyse data, informed by the social\u2013ecological model of health. The results reveal that farm workers perceive multiple interdependent factors that inhibit or enable their access to HIV healthcare services. Key barriers to HIV healthcare were transport affordability, health worker attitudes, stigma and discrimination, models of HIV healthcare delivery, geographic location of health facilities and difficult working conditions. Key facilitators to HIV healthcare included the availability of mobile health services, the presence of community health workers and a supportive work environment. The findings suggest disparities in farm workers\u2019 access to HIV services, with work being the main determinant of access. We, therefore, recommend a review of HIV policies and programmes for the agricultural sector and models of HIV healthcare delivery that address the unique needs of farm workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czae098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T08:36:46Z","timestamp":1729931806000},"page":"75-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Structural barriers and facilitators to accessing HIV services for marginalized working populations: insights from farm workers in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4130-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nosimilo","family":"Mlangeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town 7505,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"National Institute for Occupational Health, a Division of National Health Laboratory Service , 25 Hospital Road, Johannesburg 2001,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Lembani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Western Cape , Robert Sobukwe Road, Cape Town 7535,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olatunji","family":"Adetokunboh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town 7505,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University , Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town 7505,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"The University of the People , 595E Colorado Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91101,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2757-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter S","family":"Nyasulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Francie van Zijl Drive, Cape Town 7505,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg 2001,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011305312750900_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110303387","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity prevalence in South Africa: a decomposition analysis","volume":"11","author":"Alaba","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health"},{"key":"2025011305312750900_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.27106","article-title":"Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories","volume":"8","author":"Arcaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global Health Action"},{"key":"2025011305312750900_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-10-48","article-title":"Socioeconomic-related health inequality in South Africa: evidence from general household surveys","volume":"10","author":"Ataguba","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"key":"2025011305312750900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032013-182500","article-title":"Precarious employment: understanding an emerging social determinant of health","volume":"35","author":"Benach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"key":"2025011305312750900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250844","article-title":"Patterns of mobility and its impact on retention in care among people living with HIV in the Manhi\u00e7a District, Mozambique","volume":"16","author":"Bernardo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025011305312750900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213487347","article-title":"Bad jobs, bad health? 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