{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:21:25Z","timestamp":1787008885174,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SOAR"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While transition of donor programs to national control is increasingly common, there is a lack of evidence about the consequences of transition for private health care providers. In 2015, President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) identified 734 facilities in Uganda for transition from PEPFAR support, including 137 private not-for-profits (PNFP) and 140 private for-profits (PFPs). We sought to understand the differential impacts of transition on facilities with differing ownership statuses. We used a survey conducted in mid-2017 among 145 public, 29 PNFP and 32 PFP facilities reporting transition from PEPFAR. The survey collected information on current and prior PEPFAR support, service provision, laboratory services and staff time allocation. We used both bivariate and logistic regression to analyse the association between ownership and survey responses. All analyses adjust for survey design. Public facilities were more likely to report increased disruption of sputum microscopy tests following transition than PFPs [odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20095.85, 1.79\u201319.23, P\u2009=\u20090.005]. Compared with public facilities, PNFPs were more likely to report declining frequency of supervision for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since transition (OR\u2009=\u20092.27, 1.136\u20134.518, P\u2009=\u20090.022). Workers in PFP facilities were more likely to report reduced time spent on HIV care since transition (OR\u2009=\u20096.241, 2.709\u201314.38, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and PFP facilities were also more likely to discontinue HIV outreach following transition (OR\u2009=\u20093.029, 1.325\u20136.925; P\u2009=\u20090.011). PNFP facilities\u2019 loss of supervision may require that public sector supervision be extended to them. Reduced HIV clinical care in PFPs, primarily HIV testing and counselling, increases burdens on public facilities. Prior PFP clients who preferred the confidentiality and service of private facilities may opt to forgo HIV testing altogether. Donors and governments should consider the roles and responses of PNFPs and PFPs when transitioning donor-funded health programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czz090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T08:12:33Z","timestamp":1567066353000},"page":"133-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The differential impacts of PEPFAR transition on private for-profit, private not-for-profit and publicly owned health facilities in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jess Alan","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligia","family":"Paina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Zakumumpa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Administration, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020030211094676700_czz090-B1","volume-title":"Identification of Priority Research Questions within the Areas of: Health Financing; Human Resources for Health and the Role of Non-State Sector","author":"Asiimwe","year":"2008"},{"key":"2020030211094676700_czz090-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate\u2014a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"2020030211094676700_czz090-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0136177.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136177","article-title":"Transitioning a large scale HIV\/AIDS prevention program to local 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