{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T14:40:16Z","timestamp":1782052816001,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deakin University School of Health and Social Development Small Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV refers to the daily use of antiretroviral medications by HIV uninfected persons to block a potential HIV infection. There is evidence to show that as the use of PrEP increases, the use of other safer sex practices such as condoms decreases, which may lead to an increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study aimed to explore whether PrEP had caused any challenges for organizations undertaking sexual health promotion activities in Australia. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants (15 males, 2 females) who were purposively sampled from a range of HIV advocacy and health promotion settings. These included publicly funded HIV\/AIDS councils and organizations representing people living with HIV\/AIDS. Guided by an exploratory, inductive approach, the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes were constructed from the data analysis. First, organizations in different jurisdictions came to support PrEP in different ways, and this influenced the way organizations engaged with PrEP and the messaging that they disseminated to their community. Second, organizations faced some barriers to promoting PrEP, with the most significant being overcoming decades of HIV prevention campaigns that focused on barrier methods only. Third, there were social benefits to PrEP, such as shifting the onus of preventing HIV transmission from HIV positive to HIV negative people. PrEP is a highly effective biomedical intervention to reduce HIV transmission, and future challenges include designing campaigns for those at risk for HIV transmission outside the MSM community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daab177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T11:10:52Z","timestamp":1634814652000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Australia: are there challenges facing sexual health promotion?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4615-5078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Dunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona H","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B1","volume-title":"Australian National PrEP Guidelines","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B2","volume-title":"Seventh National HIV Strategy 2014\u20132017","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B3","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g3811","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3811","article-title":"The Truvada wars","volume":"348","author":"Belluz","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1071\/SH16052","article-title":"Stigma, gay men and biomedical prevention: the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing HIV prevention landscape","volume":"14","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302816","article-title":"How stigma surrounding the use of HIV preexposure prophylaxis undermines prevention and pleasure: a call to destigmatize \u2018Truvada whores\u2019","volume":"105","author":"Calabrese","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20227","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.18.4.20227","article-title":"Rethinking HIV prevention to prepare for oral PrEP implementation for young African women","volume":"18","author":"Celum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1071\/SH18061","article-title":"Understanding and measuring uptake and coverage of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"15","author":"Dunbar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001145","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for all populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Fonner","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052101","article-title":"Towards preparedness for PrEP: PrEP awareness and acceptability among MSM at high risk of HIV transmission who use socialsexual media in four Celtic nations: Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and The Republic of Oreland: an online survey","volume":"92","author":"Frankis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13990","article-title":"Does pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men change risk behaviour? A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Freeborn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.960003","article-title":"Configuring the users of new HIV-prevention technologies: the case of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis culture","volume":"17","author":"Holt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Culture, Health & Sexuality"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e448","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30072-9","article-title":"Community-level changes in condom use and uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis by gay and bisexual men in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia: results of repeated behavioural surveillance in 2013\u201317","volume":"5","author":"Holt","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601610010034","article-title":"HIV infection and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: current status, challenges and opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Kharsany","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Open AIDS Journal"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2652-14-S2-S1","article-title":"Bridging the social and the biomedical: engaging the social and political sciences in HIV research","volume":"14 Suppl 2","author":"Kippax","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0146513","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146513","article-title":"Complex and conflicting social norms: implications for implementation of future HIV prep-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions in Vancouver, Canada","volume":"11","author":"Knight","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2015.0069","article-title":"Misunderstanding of pre-exposure prophylaxis use among MSM: public health and policy implications","volume":"3","author":"Kurtz","year":"2015","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1319-8","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness among gay and other men who have sex with men in Vancouver, British Columbia","volume":"20","author":"Lachowsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8","volume-title":"Naturalistic Inquiry","author":"Lincoln","year":"1985"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/00380385030373002","article-title":"Reflexive accounts and accounts of reflexivity in qualitative data analysis","volume":"37","author":"Mauthner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2252-9","article-title":"Changes in sexual behavior and STI diagnoses among MSM initiating PrEP in a clinic setting","volume":"23","author":"Montano","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2016.0037","article-title":"The promise of pre-exposure prophylaxis for black men who have sex with men: an ecological approach to attitudes, beliefs, and barriers","volume":"30","author":"Philbin","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care and STDs"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B24","author":"Ryan","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2016.1158012","article-title":"PrEP whores and HIV prevention: the queer communication of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)","volume":"63","author":"Spieldenner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Homosexuality"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B26","volume-title":"HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmissible Infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2017","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B27","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2947","article-title":"Association of HIV preexposure prophylaxis with incidence of sexually transmitted infections among individuals at high risk of HIV infection","volume":"321","author":"Traeger","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy182","article-title":"Effects of pre-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection on sexual risk behavior in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Traeger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases, 67, 676\u2013686"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B30","volume-title":"UNAIDS Data 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B31","year":"2012"},{"key":"2022042915134952400_daab177-B32","volume-title":"WHO Technical Update on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Health Promotion International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article-pdf\/37\/2\/daab177\/43511966\/daab177.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article-pdf\/37\/2\/daab177\/43511966\/daab177.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T15:29:37Z","timestamp":1651246177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/heapro\/daab177\/6409954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapro\/daab177","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"article-number":"daab177"}}