{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T19:19:22Z","timestamp":1775157562232,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000085","name":"Ontario HIV Treatment Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EFP-2020-DC1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFP-2020-DC1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>When analyzing the data for Ontario, Canada, HIV rates continue to be highest among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). Since HIV diagnosis is a key component of HIV care, self-testing has provided options for allowing this population to access care, resulting in a significant number of first-time testers. Between 1 April 2021 and 31 January 2022, 882 gbMSM participants ordered an HIV self-test through GetaKit. Of these, 270 participants reported that they had never undergone HIV testing previously. Our data showed that first-time testers were generally younger, members of BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and people of color) communities and they reported more invalid test results than those who had tested previously. This suggests that HIV self-testing may be a more successful and appealing component of the HIV prevention armamentarium for this population, but one that is not without its shortcomings as an entry to care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daad029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T17:14:43Z","timestamp":1682529283000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["First-time testers in the GetaKit study: conceptualizing new paths to care for gbMSM"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"O\u2019Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"McCready","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leadership, Higher & Adult Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Tigert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leadership, Higher & Adult Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Musten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario HIV Treatment Network , Ottawa, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Orser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2017.1381327","article-title":"Discordance of voluntary HIV testing with HIV sexual risk-taking and self-perceived HIV infection risk among social media-using black, Hispanic, and White Young-men-who-have-sex-with-men (YMSM)","volume":"30","author":"Alexovitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0002","author":"BioLytical.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1541961","article-title":"Disparities between HIV testing levels and the self-reported HIV-negative status of sexually active college students","volume":"56","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2008.0256","article-title":"Experiences of HIV-related stigma among young men who have sex with men.","volume":"23","author":"Dowshen","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care and STDs"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12420","article-title":"Preparedness for the use of the rapid result HIV-self test by gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM): a mixed methods exploratory study among MSM and those involved in HIV prevention and care","volume":"18","author":"Flowers","year":"2017","journal-title":"HIV Medicine"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03091-x","article-title":"TRUST: assessing the efficacy of an intervention to increase HIV self-testing among young Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and transwomen","volume":"25","author":"Frye","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIDS & Behavior"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053264.555","article-title":"P4.59 online versus in-person testing: a qualitative analysis of testing preferences among youth and men who have sex with men using an online HIV\/STI Testing Service in Vancouver, Canada","author":"Gilbert","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/1054137319885261","article-title":"Emotional maturity and self-perception among adolescents living with HIV\u2014need for life-skills intervention","volume":"30","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Illness, Crisis & Loss"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.0202","article-title":"The effect of perceived stigma from a healthcare provider on access to care among a low-income HIV- positive population","volume":"21","author":"Kinsler","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care and STDs"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.10.019","article-title":"The health and health behaviors of young men who have sex with men","volume":"40","author":"Kipke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198109339993","article-title":"In the dark: young men\u2019s stories of sexual initiation in the absence of relevant sexual health information","volume":"37","author":"Kubicek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Education & Behavior"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/15381501.2017.1320618","article-title":"The linkage-to-care, early retention, and description of HIV-positive clients at a rapid HIV-testing site in Montreal, Canada (Actuel Sur Rue)","volume":"16","author":"Lessard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of HIV\/AIDS & Social Services"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0719-x","article-title":"Understanding structural barriers to accessing HIV testing and prevention services among black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States","volume":"18","author":"Levy","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS and Behavior"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-020-00433-1","article-title":"On the outskirts of the Charmed Circle\u2014challenges and limitations of sexual health promotion to young people in Secure State Care","volume":"18","author":"Lindroth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08582-z","article-title":"\u2018Meet people where they are\u2019: a qualitative study of community barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and HIV self-testing among African Americans in urban and rural areas in North Carolina","volume":"20","author":"Mathews","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-021-00505-8","article-title":"At-home HIV self-testing during COVID: implementing the GetaKit project in Ottawa","volume":"112","author":"O\u2019Byrne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624211031322","article-title":"Automated STI\/HIV risk assessments: testing an online clinical algorithm in Ottawa, Canada","volume":"32","author":"O\u2018Byrne","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of STD & AIDS"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v47i10a06","article-title":"HIV self-testing in Ottawa, Canada used by persons at risk for HIV: the GetaKit study","volume":"47","author":"O\u2019Byrne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canada Communicable Disease Report"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12014","article-title":"Include, differentiate and manage: gay male youth, stigma, and healthcare utilization","volume":"21","author":"O\u2019Byrne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nursing Inquiry"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0020","author":"OHESI.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0021","author":"Ontario HIV Epidemiology and Surveillance Initiative (OHESI).","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0022","author":"Ontario HIV Treatment Network.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0023","author":"Ontario HIV Treatment Network.","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-020-01852-y","article-title":"HIV self-testing: finding its way in the prevention tool box","volume":"18","author":"Ortblad","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0025","first-page":"150","article-title":"Thinking sex. Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality.","volume-title":"Culture, Society and Sexuality. A Reader","author":"Rubin","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000549","article-title":"Disparities in access to care in marginalized populations","volume":"29","author":"Silberholz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023042617065619000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9455-4","article-title":"The effects of HIV stigma on health, disclosure of HIV status, and risk behavior of homeless and unstably housed persons living with HIV","volume":"13","author":"Wolitski","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Behavior"}],"container-title":["Health Promotion International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article-pdf\/38\/2\/daad029\/50100542\/daad029.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article-pdf\/38\/2\/daad029\/50100542\/daad029.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T17:15:00Z","timestamp":1682529300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/heapro\/daad029\/7143325"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapro\/daad029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4824","1460-2245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4824","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"article-number":"daad029"}}