{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T02:57:40Z","timestamp":1763348260261,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009660","name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Public Health Research Programme of the National Institute for Health and Care Research","award":["NIHR128607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR128607"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Public-private partnerships (PPPs) between commercial actors and governments or other non-commercial organizations are widely encouraged as a way of achieving a range of policy objectives, including the creation of healthier food environments, despite the evidence of their limited effectiveness at doing so. The aims of this qualitative study were to critically interrogate the role and legitimacy of food industry actors as partners in policies to improve the food environment, and to explore related underlying issues that impede the design and implementation of effective policies. Qualitative interviews with 16 academics from 6 countries with expertise on population food policy, including public-private partnerships, to improve the food environment were conducted from January to March 2020. A manual thematic analysis of the data was employed, and theoretical lenses relevant to the commercial determinants of health were applied. Key themes constructed from the data have been conceptualized as \u2018fault lines\u2019, metaphorically used here to indicate underlying issues or factors that cause systemic problems or impede success of public health goals. The reported fault lines are categorized as (i) uninterrogated assumptions that partnership working is effective; (ii) the role of exclusive social networks; (iii) the voluntary nature of partnerships; (iv) data ownership; (v) control of narratives; and (vi) the centrality of political ideology. This paper calls for a systematic and critical interrogation of the mechanisms and extent of commercial actors\u2019 involvement in making decisions about healthy diets for the population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daaf171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T11:49:38Z","timestamp":1758368978000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A critical interrogation of the legitimacy of commercial actors in food policy partnerships"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6663-7379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Knai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"The Food Policy Impact Lab, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"SPECTRUM Consortium, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh , 5-7 Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4UX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6191-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanaina","family":"Chavez-Ugalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food Policy, City, St George\u2019s University of London , Myddelton Street, London EC1R 1UB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6796-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Eastmure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Office, Health New Zealand Te Whatu Ora , PO Box 793, Wellington 6140 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4040-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9322-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry","family":"Rutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPECTRUM Consortium, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh , 5-7 Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4UX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Department of Social & Policy Sciences, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7JP ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0090-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"The Food Policy Impact Lab, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6378-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Petticrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"SPECTRUM Consortium, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh , 5-7 Little France Road, Edinburgh EH16 4UX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.115469","article-title":"An umbrella review of intersectoral and multisectoral approaches to health policy","volume":"315","author":"Amri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"volume-title":"Power in Global Governance. Cambridge Studies in International Relations","year":"2004","author":"Barnett","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B2"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2307\/2708933","article-title":"Gramsci and the theory of hegemony","volume":"36","author":"Bates","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Hist Ideas"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/09692290903173087","article-title":"Legitimacy in intergovernmental and non-state global governance","volume":"18","author":"Bernstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Int Polit Econ"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2024.100306","article-title":"Inequalities in research on food environment policies: an evidence map of global evidence from 2010-2020","volume":"15","author":"Blanchard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/JYWP4049","article-title":"The effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and policy processes of regulatory, voluntary and partnership policies to improve food environments: an evidence synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Blanchard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health Res (Southampt)"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13952","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13952","article-title":"The effectiveness of partnerships with commercial actors to improve food environments: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Blanchard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980020003389","article-title":"Have we compromised too much? A critical analysis of nutrition policy in Australia 2007-2018","volume":"24","author":"Brandon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2020.1769238","article-title":"One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis?","volume":"18","author":"Braun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"author":"Bruno","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B11"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2013.02.009","article-title":"Voluntary agreements between government and business\u2014a scoping review of the literature with specific reference to the public health responsibility deal","volume":"110","author":"Bryden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-7093.2006.00043.x","article-title":"The legitimacy of global governance institutions","volume":"20","author":"Buchanan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethics Int Aff"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B14","article-title":"Global public\u2013private partnerships: part II\u2014what are the health issues for global governance?","volume":"78","author":"Buse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113215","article-title":"How are frames generated? Insights from the industry lobby against the sugar tax in Ireland","volume":"264","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"author":"Carrigan","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B16"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00014316","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00014316","article-title":"Analysis of a voluntary initiative to reduce sodium in processed and ultra-processed food products in Argentina: the views of public and private sector representatives","volume":"33","author":"Castronuovo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publica"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03458-z","article-title":"Ultra-processed food consumption in UK adolescents: distribution, trends, and sociodemographic correlates using the national diet and nutrition survey 2008\/09 to 2018\/19","volume":"63","author":"Chavez-Ugalde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"volume-title":"Agrifood Corporations, Global Governance and Sustainability: a Framework for Analysis","year":"2009","author":"Clapp","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B19"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2714","article-title":"Public-private partnership (PPP) development: toward building a PPP framework for healthy eating","volume":"34","author":"De Pinho Campos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manage"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009222020.003","volume-title":"Legitimacy Politics: Elite Communication and Public Opinion in Global Governance","author":"Dellmuth","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2307\/1388226","article-title":"Organizational legitimacy\u2014social values and organizational behavior","volume":"18","author":"Dowling","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pac Sociol Rev"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2015.08.013","article-title":"An evaluation of the public health responsibility deal: informants\u2019 experiences and views of the development, implementation and achievements of a pledge-based, public-private partnership to improve population health in England","volume":"119","author":"Durand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113257","article-title":"Non-market strategy as a framework for exploring commercial involvement in health policy: a primer","volume":"262","author":"Eastmure","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.11240","article-title":"A systematic interim assessment of the Australian government\u2019s food and health dialogue","volume":"200","author":"Elliott","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1759-5436.2006.tb00320.x","article-title":"Finding the spaces for change: a power analysis","volume":"37","author":"Gaventa","year":"2006","journal-title":"IDS Bull"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"393","author":"GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00013-2","article-title":"Defining and conceptualising the commercial determinants of health","volume":"401","author":"Gilmore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1017\/S0260210515000492","article-title":"The quest for legitimacy in world politics\u2014international institutions\u2019 legitimation strategies","volume":"42","author":"Gronau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Int Stud"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.84","article-title":"Partners or opponents? Alcohol industry strategy and the 2016 revision of the UK low-risk drinking guidelines","volume":"82","author":"Hawkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"volume-title":"Global Development Disrupted: Findings from a Survey of 93 Leaders","year":"2019","author":"Ingram","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B31"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3302-8","article-title":"Designing a healthy food partnership: lessons from the Australian food and health dialogue","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001035","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjnph-2024-001035","article-title":"Overlap between ultra-processed food and food that is high in fat, salt or sugar: analysis of 11 annual waves of the UK national diet and nutrition survey 2008\/2009-2018\/2019","volume":"8","author":"Kesaite","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Nutr Prev Health"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2015.04.002","article-title":"Has a public\u2013private partnership resulted in action on healthier diets in England? An analysis of the public health responsibility deal food pledges","volume":"54","author":"Knai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckx002","article-title":"An evaluation of a public-private partnership to reduce artificial trans fatty acids in England, 2011-16","volume":"27","author":"Knai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12339","article-title":"Systems thinking as a framework for analyzing commercial determinants of health","volume":"96","author":"Knai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122895","article-title":"The public health responsibility deal: using a systems-level analysis to understand the lack of impact on alcohol, food, physical activity, and workplace health sub-systems","volume":"15","author":"Knai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003543","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003543","article-title":"The case for developing a cohesive systems approach to research across unhealthy commodity industries","volume":"6","author":"Knai","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005216","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005216","article-title":"Big food and the World Health Organization: a qualitative study of industry attempts to influence global-level non-communicable disease policy","volume":"6","author":"Lauber","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2018-211749","article-title":"Quantifying the impact of the public health responsibility deal on salt intake, cardiovascular disease and gastric cancer burdens: interrupted time series and microsimulation study","volume":"73","author":"Laverty","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodpol.2019.101765","article-title":"Conditions influencing the adoption of a soda tax for public health: analysis of the French case (2005-2012)","volume":"88","author":"Le Bodo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Policy"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5334\/johd.113","article-title":"Elites\u2019 social networks and politics in the Han empire (202 B.C.E.-220 C.E.)","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Open Humanit Data"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/14747731.2020.1770038","article-title":"\u2018We are not a partnership\u2019\u2014constructing and contesting legitimacy of global public-private partnerships: the scaling up nutrition (SUN) movement","volume":"18","author":"Lie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Globalizations"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-02248-9","volume-title":"Power: a Radical View","author":"Lukes","year":"1974"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"o1128","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o1128","article-title":"The pollution of health discourse and the need for effective counter-framing","volume":"377","author":"Maani","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12289","article-title":"A proposed approach to systematically identify and monitor the corporate political activity of the food industry with respect to public health using publicly available information","volume":"16","author":"Mialon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity Rev"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980020002268","article-title":"\u2018I had never seen so many lobbyists\u2019: food industry political practices during the development of a new nutrition front-of-pack labelling system in Colombia","volume":"24","author":"Mialon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1177\/0261018310376805","article-title":"Corporate strategy, corporate capture: food and alcohol industry lobbying and public health","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Soc Policy"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62089-3","article-title":"Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries","volume":"381","author":"Moodie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264065239-en","volume-title":"Preventing Policy Capture: Integrity in Public Decision Making, OECD Public Governance Reviews","author":"OECD","year":"2017"},{"year":"2014","author":"OXFAM","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B51"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdq029","article-title":"Injustice is killing people on a large scale\u2013but what is to be done about it?","volume":"32","author":"Popay","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0257335","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257335","article-title":"Exploring the direct and indirect effects of elite influence on public opinion","volume":"16","author":"Santoro","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-5899.12545","article-title":"Internalisation of international investment agreements in public policymaking: developing a conceptual framework of regulatory chill","volume":"9","author":"Schram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob Policy"},{"author":"Sociology Institute","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B55"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/3003160","article-title":"The theory of economic regulation","volume":"2","author":"Stigler","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bell J Econ Manag Sci"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11558-018-9330-7","article-title":"The legitimacy and legitimation of international organizations: introduction and framework","volume":"14","author":"Tallberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Int Organ"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"daae183","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daae183","article-title":"Acting on the commercial determinants of health","volume":"39","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Promot Int"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S2047102517000309","article-title":"Regulatory chill in a warming world: the threat to climate policy posed by investor-state dispute settlement","volume":"7","author":"Tienhaara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transnat Environ Law"},{"author":"United Nations","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B60"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.117916","article-title":"Determinants and financial consequences of environmental performance and reporting: a literature review of European archival research","volume":"340","author":"Velte","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020155","article-title":"Process evaluation and costing of a multifaceted population-wide intervention to reduce salt consumption in Fiji","volume":"10","author":"Webster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"author":"World Economic Forum","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B63"},{"volume-title":"Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health","year":"2004","author":"World Health Organization","key":"2025111621461524100_daaf171-B64"}],"container-title":["Health Promotion International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article-pdf\/40\/5\/daaf171\/64536615\/daaf171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article-pdf\/40\/5\/daaf171\/64536615\/daaf171.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T02:46:26Z","timestamp":1763347586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/heapro\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/heapro\/daaf171\/8276766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapro\/daaf171","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4824","1460-2245"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0957-4824"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1460-2245"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"article-number":"daaf171"}}