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While children and adolescents\u2019 use of these settings is largely socially driven, little is known about relationships between social factors and park visitation and physical activity. This study examined associations between social interactions in parks and park use behaviour among children and adolescents, respectively. Children (8\u201312 years, n = 213) and adolescents (13\u201318 years, n = 210) self-reported accompaniment, frequency of socializing during park visits, frequency of seeing known people in parks, park visitation (frequency, duration), park-based activity, and demographics. Logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, dog ownership, and school-level socio-economic status, examined associations of social interactions with park visitation (frequency, duration) and park-based physical activity. Children who socialized in parks most of the time and who visited with family or friends had higher odds of visiting parks \u2265 once\/week and engaging in physical activity compared to children who rarely socialized and only visited with family. Adolescents who more frequently socialized spent more time at the park, visited the park \u2265 once per week, and were more likely to be active compared to those who rarely socialized. Adolescents who visited with family and friends visited parks for longer compared to those who visited alone. Given the link between social interactions and park use, understanding how park design and social activities (e.g. programming) can support social interaction is critical for increasing children and adolescents\u2019 park use. Future interventions may benefit from targeting both social and physical park environments. Further research should examine causal associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daag027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T12:51:23Z","timestamp":1770900683000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The social nature of parks: associations between social interactions and park visitation and physical activity among children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0366-2387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University , 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, SA 5034 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"S.P.O.R.T. Research Cluster, Central Queensland University , 44 Greenhill Road, Wayville, SA 5034 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedicte","family":"Deforche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , C. Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000 ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance Research Group, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050 ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venurs H Y","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Sport, Health, and Engineering, Victoria University and Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , 70\u2013104 Ballarat Road, Footscray, VIC 3011 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Timperio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, VIC 3220 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8962-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Veitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, VIC 3220 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12131","article-title":"When to use the Bonferroni correction","volume":"34","author":"Armstrong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S251","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2018-0472","article-title":"Global matrix 3.0 physical activity report card grades for children and youth: results and analysis from 49 countries","volume":"15","author":"Aubert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B3","volume-title":"SEIFA 2016 Technical Paper","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2004.10.024","article-title":"The significance of parks to physical activity and public health: a conceptual model","volume":"28","author":"Bedimo-Rung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(00)00314-0","article-title":"Adjusting for multiple testing\u2014when and how?","volume":"54","author":"Bender","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.08.011","article-title":"Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: an updated review of reviews and an analysis of causality","volume":"42","author":"Biddle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E97","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd12.140532","article-title":"Social and environmental factors related to boys\u2019 and girls\u2019 park-based physical activity","volume":"12","author":"Bocarro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01095-x","article-title":"Children\u2019s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays versus weekend days: a multi-country analysis","volume":"18","author":"Brazendale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2026022503271403100_daag027-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6423","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120606423","article-title":"What is the relationship between risky outdoor play and health in children? 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