{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:48:50Z","timestamp":1782863330259,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FR# CTW-155387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR# CTW-155387"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Sexual and Gender Minority Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2020, Health Canada approved the INSTI human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-test. Adoption and distribution of alternative HIV testing interventions, like self-testing, are essential in meeting the United Nations 95-95-95 goals. We explored the acceptability of HIV self-testing among sexual health service providers and Two-Spirit, gay, bisexual, and queer men (2SGBQM). Between 2020 and 2021, peer researchers conducted virtual focus groups (13) and interviews (18) with providers (n = 18) and 2SGBQM (n = 38) across Ontario, Canada, and analysed data using community-based participatory research approach and reflexive thematic analysis. HIV self-testing was highly acceptable among both providers and 2SGBQM. Both groups identified \u2018increased access to HIV testing\u2019 as a benefit. Providers identified \u2018client empowerment\u2019 and \u2018reduced workload for providers\u2019 as other perceived benefits. 2SGBQM highlighted \u2018convenience\u2019 as a key benefit and rationale for self-testing, though some expressed concerns and hesitance due to \u2018fear of needles\/blood\u2019 and \u2018perceptions of lower accuracy and reliability\u2019 of self-test results. Providers and 2SGBQM referred to the \u2018potential for missed connections to care\u2019, and \u2018self-harm\u2019 with positive test results as additional concerns for self-testing. Both groups suggested that first-time or inexperienced testers should be tested in-clinic, compared with experienced or regular testers who may benefit from self-testing. Participants expressed that HIV self-testing should be widely available for free, or a modest fee up to $20 CAD. Providers and 2SGBQM both found HIV self-testing highly acceptable, particularly when self-administered by experienced testers. Clinic-based testing remains important, especially for first-time testers and 2SGBQM who have concerns or hesitance regarding self-testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daag045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T12:35:58Z","timestamp":1774096558000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acceptability of HIV self-testing among sexual health service providers and Two-Spirit, gay, bisexual, and queer men in Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Heeho","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , 155 College Street, 5th Floor, Room 510, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9149-1076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mackenzie","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla 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