{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:47:24Z","timestamp":1788058044249,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]],"date-time":"2019-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test threat-to-efficacy ratios within health communications about cardiovascular disease (CVD) for older individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six messages: (i) \u2018standard\u2019 message with 1\/1 threat-to-efficacy ratio, (ii) \u2018low efficacy\u2019 message with 1\/0 threat-to-efficacy ratio, (iii) \u2018low threat\u2019 message with 0\/1 threat-to-efficacy ratio, (iv) \u2018high efficacy\u2019 message with 1\/2 threat-to-efficacy ratio; (v) \u2018high threat\u2019 message with 2\/1 threat-to-efficacy ratio and (vi) \u2018overload\u2019 message with 2\/2 threat-to-efficacy ratio. Participants had to be of 60 years of age or older (N = 242, Male = 92, Age: M = 68.29, SD = 6.71). Advanced univariate analyses and multiple regression modelling were conducted to examine associations between the message groups, and danger- and fear-control processes, as well as the impact of threat and efficacy appraisals on the relationship between the message groups and behavioural intentions. No differences were found between the message groups for danger-control processes. Those who received the \u2018overload\u2019 message did report higher levels of fear, nervousness and anxiety in comparison to the \u2018standard\u2019 message group. For physical activity, it was found that efficacy impacted the relationship between the message groups and behavioural intentions, as participants\u2019 levels of efficacy increased and if these individuals received high levels of efficacy information, their behavioural intentions for physical activity increased. Results from this study were dissimilar to those of previous research. However, they highlighted the impact of efficacy and negative emotional reactions when communicating to older individuals about CVD and the associated health behaviours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daz019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T12:32:07Z","timestamp":1550579527000},"page":"255-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Testing threat-to-efficacy ratios in health communications about cardiovascular disease among an older population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2874-8307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sin\u00e9ad","family":"Moylett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, 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