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One way to prevent CP is to encourage parents to apply alternative discipline strategies that do not involve violence. Based on the knowledge\u2014behavior gap framework in public health education, this study analyzed the focus group data of 75 low-income Black, Latino and White parents to uncover commonalties and differences in their knowledge, self-efficacy and response efficacy of alternative discipline strategies. Findings revealed that parents knew several alternative discipline strategies and had confidence in their ability to conduct these strategies. However, parents reported that some strategies were hard to implement because they lacked the relevant resources. Moreover, parents did not perceive that alternative discipline strategies were effective without using some forms of CP. Knowledge, self-efficacy and response efficacy of alternative discipline strategies are risk factors for child physical abuse and addressing them will help prevent injury and health impacts on children, while providing safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments for child development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyaa053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T16:57:14Z","timestamp":1608310634000},"page":"192-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Identifying knowledge, self-efficacy and response efficacy of alternative discipline strategies among low-income Black, Latino and White parents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8742-1040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hue Trong","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Monahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Studies, Franklin College of the Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M Mercer","family":"Kollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Klevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 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