{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:19:37Z","timestamp":1790551177949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of of Neurological Diseases and Stroke","award":["R21 NS104410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 NS104410"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 CA204345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 CA204345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania Orphan Disease Center"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable expressivity. TSC results from inactivating variants within the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, leading to constitutive activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. Using a mouse model of TSC (Tsc2-RG) in which the Tsc2 gene is deleted in radial glial precursors and their neuronal and glial descendants, we observed increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzymatic activity and concentration of its product, putrescine. To test if increased ODC activity and dysregulated polyamine metabolism contribute to the neurodevelopmental defects of Tsc2-RG mice, we used pharmacologic and genetic approaches to reduce ODC activity in Tsc2-RG mice, followed by histologic assessment of brain development. We observed that decreasing ODC activity and putrescine levels in Tsc2-RG mice worsened many of the neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including brain growth and neuronal migration defects, astrogliosis and oxidative stress. These data suggest a protective effect of increased ODC activity and elevated putrescine that modify the phenotype in this developmental Tsc2-RG model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T19:10:02Z","timestamp":1591989002000},"page":"2395-2407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis, modifies brain pathology in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Kapfhamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"James","family":"McKenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline J","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Murray-Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Robert A","family":"Casero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Gambello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020081306370281000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055323","article-title":"The tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"355","author":"Crino","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. 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