{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:20:34Z","timestamp":1788024034038,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"R1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The molecular Egyptology field started in the mid-eighties with the first publication on the ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis of an Egyptian mummy. Egypt has been a major interest for historians, archeologists, laymen as well as scientists. The aDNA research on Egyptian biological remains has been fueled by their abundance and relatively well-preserved states through artificial mummification and by the advanced analytical techniques. Early doubts of aDNA integrity within the Egyptian mummies and data authenticity were later abated with studies proving successfully authenticated aDNA retrieval. The current review tries to recapitulate the published studies presenting paleogenomic evidence of disease diagnosis and kinship establishment for the Egyptian human remains.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Regarding disease diagnosis, the prevailing literature was on paleogenomic evidence of infectious diseases in the human remains. A series of reports presented evidence for the presence of tuberculosis and\/or malaria. In addition, there were solitary reports of the presence of leprosy, diphtheria, bacteremia, toxoplasmosis, schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis. On the contrary, paleogenomic evidence of the presence of rare diseases was quite scarce and mentioned only in two articles.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>On the other hand, kinship analysis of Egyptian human remains, including that of Tutankhamen, was done using both mitochondrial DNA sequences and nuclear DNA markers, to establish family relationships in four studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>It is clear that the field of molecular Egyptology is still a largely unexplored territory. Nevertheless, the paleogenomic investigation of Egyptian remains could make significant contributions to biomedical sciences (e.g. elucidation of coevolution of human host\u2013microbe interrelationship) as well as to evidence-based archeology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T04:28:02Z","timestamp":1602304082000},"page":"R24-R28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8432-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yehia Z","family":"Gad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab"},{"name":"Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naglaa Abu-Mandil","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab"},{"name":"Department of Biological Anthropology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia M","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fayrouz A","family":"Fouad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safaa G","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Remains Lab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa A","family":"Abdelazeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab, The Egyptian Museum, Cairo 11556, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah M","family":"Mahdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biophysics Lab, National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC), Cairo 11654, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hend Y","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina W","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab, The Egyptian Museum, Cairo 11556, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabab","family":"Khairat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research"},{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab, The Egyptian Museum, Cairo 11556, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somaia","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.17s-0009","article-title":"Chemical paleogenetics: molecular restoration studies of extinct forms of life","volume":"17","author":"Pauling","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Chem. Scand."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular paleoscience: systems biology from the past","volume":"75","author":"Benner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref3","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Molecular Biology and Evolution: Applications to Biological Anthropology","author":"Montiel","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1038\/312282a0","article-title":"DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family","volume":"312","author":"Higuchi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/314644a0","article-title":"Molecular cloning of ancient Egyptian mummy DNA","volume":"314","author":"P\u00e4\u00e4bo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.04.019","article-title":"Tracing the route of modern humans out of Africa by using 225 human genome sequences from Ethiopians and Egyptians","volume":"96","author":"Pagani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-013-0145-1","article-title":"First insights into the metagenome of Egyptian mummies using next-generation sequencing","volume":"54","author":"Khairat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15694","article-title":"Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods","volume":"8","author":"Schuenemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0223964","article-title":"Mitogenomic diversity in sacred ibis mummies sheds light on early Egyptian practices","volume":"14","author":"Wasef","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref10","volume-title":"Egyptian Mummies","author":"Taylor","year":"2010"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref11","volume-title":"The Mummy in Ancient Egypt: Equipping the Dead for Eternity","author":"Ikram","year":"1998"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"A systematic approach towards studying ancient DNA from Egyptian mummies (abstract)","volume":"10","author":"Gad","year":"2013","journal-title":"PalArch\u2019s J. Archaeol. Egypt\/Egyptol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05265.x","article-title":"The mummy returns\u2026 and sheds new light on old questions","volume":"20","author":"Gilbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9030135","article-title":"Biological sexing of a 4000-year-old Egyptian mummy head to assess the potential of nuclear DNA recovery from the most damaged and limited forensic specimens","volume":"9","author":"Loreille","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05245.x","article-title":"An ancient icon reveals new mysteries: mummy DNA resurrects a cryptic species within the Nile crocodile","volume":"20","author":"Hekkala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2012.05.005","article-title":"Cats of the pharaohs: genetic comparison of Egyptian cat mummies to their feline contemporaries","volume":"39","author":"Kurushima","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref17","article-title":"The secrets of Sobek \u2013 a crocodile mummy mitogenome from ancient Egypt","volume":"33","author":"Hekkala","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci.: Reports"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28937-3","volume-title":"A History of Disease in Ancient Times","author":"Norrie","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30261-X","article-title":"Infectious diseases in ancient Egypt","volume":"17","author":"Sabbahy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2557.16-a","article-title":"Note on the presence of Bilharzia haematobia in Egyptian mummies of the twentieth dynasty","volume":"1","author":"Ruffer","year":"1910","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-528","article-title":"Heat degradation of eukaryotic and bacterial DNA: an experimental model for paleomicrobiology","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen-Hieu","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65185-9","article-title":"Molecular evidence for tuberculosis in an ancient Egyptian mummy","volume":"350","author":"Nerlich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0764-4469(99)80009-2","article-title":"Identification of Mycobacterium DNA in an Egyptian Pott\u2019s disease of 5,400 years old","volume":"321","author":"Crub\u00e9zy","year":"1998","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci. III"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-4-355","article-title":"Molecular analysis of skeletal tuberculosis in an ancient Egyptian population","volume":"50","author":"Zink","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802008257","article-title":"Molecular study on human tuberculosis in three geographically distinct and time delineated populations from ancient Egypt","volume":"130","author":"Zink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.359-367.2003","article-title":"Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNAs from Egyptian mummies by spoligotyping","volume":"41","author":"Zink","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.015719","article-title":"Molecular strain identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in archival tissue samples","volume":"57","author":"Zink","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10409","article-title":"Molecular identification of human tuberculosis in recent and historic bone tissue samples: the role of molecular techniques for the study of historic tuberculosis","volume":"126","author":"Zink","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.909","article-title":"Molecular history of tuberculosis from ancient mummies and skeletons","volume":"17","author":"Zink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Osteoarchaeol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283306712","article-title":"Intestinal tuberculosis","volume":"22","author":"Donoghue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060307","article-title":"Molecular identification of falciparum malaria and human tuberculosis co-infections in mummies from the Fayum depression (lower Egypt)","volume":"8","author":"Lalremruata","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.477","article-title":"Comparative genomic and phylogeographic analysis of Mycobacterium leprae","volume":"41","author":"Monot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-020-00839-8","article-title":"2000-year-old pathogen genomes reconstructed from metagenomic analysis of Egyptian mummified individuals","volume":"18","author":"Neukamm","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Biol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300067740","article-title":"Corynebacterium in ancient Egypt","volume":"45","author":"Zink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Hist."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.5858\/2000-124-1614-MEOBBG","article-title":"Molecular evidence of bacteremia by gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria in an infant mummy from ancient Egypt","volume":"124","author":"Zink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.06.001","article-title":"Knowlesi malaria: newly emergent and of public health importance?","volume":"24","author":"Cox-Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1408.080235","article-title":"Plasmodium falciparum in ancient Egypt","volume":"14","author":"Nerlich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.121","article-title":"Ancestry and pathology in king Tutankhamun's family","volume":"303","author":"Hawass","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","article-title":"History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"39","author":"Dubey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2019006","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: a review","volume":"26","author":"Rouatbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2554.1","article-title":"High prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cats from Egypt: isolation of viable Toxoplasma gondii, tissue distribution, and isolate designation","volume":"96","author":"Al-Kappany","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2654.1","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and concurrent Bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Egyptian cats","volume":"97","author":"Al-Kappany","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref43","first-page":"107","article-title":"On the Egyptian origin of the domestic cat","volume":"13","author":"Ginsburg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sci. Terre."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5743\/cairo\/9789774248580.001.0001","volume-title":"Divine Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt","author":"Ikram","year":"2005"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref45","first-page":"14","article-title":"The paleoepidemiology of schistosomiasis in ancient Egypt","volume":"9","author":"Kloos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Rev."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001475","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control","volume":"6","author":"Hotez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref47","first-page":"39","article-title":"Molecular confirmation of Schistosoma and family relationship in two ancient Egyptian mummies","volume-title":"Yearbook Of Mummy Studies","author":"Matheson","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.060169","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in ancient Egypt and Upper Nubia","volume":"12","author":"Zink","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32501","article-title":"Historical review II: skeletal dysplasia in ancient Egypt","volume":"146A","author":"Kozma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34038","article-title":"The ancient Egyptian dwarfs of the pyramids: the high official and the female worker","volume":"155A","author":"Kozma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60598-X","article-title":"Atherosclerosis across 4000 years of human history: the Horus study of four ancient populations","volume":"381","author":"Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2013.12.012","article-title":"Is atherosclerosis fundamental to human aging? Lessons from ancient mummies","volume":"63","author":"Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref53","first-page":"27","article-title":"Use of the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) in the study of HbS in predynastic Egyptian remains","volume":"75","author":"Marin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msh208","article-title":"PCR-induced sequence alterations hamper the typing of prehistoric bone samples for diagnostic achondroplasia mutations","volume":"21","author":"Pusch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref55","volume-title":"Guardian of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of Zahi Hawass","author":"Gad","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8268","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e8268","article-title":"Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study","volume":"345","author":"Hawass","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref57","first-page":"793","article-title":"The kinship of two 12th dynasty mummies revealed by ancient DNA sequencing","volume":"17","author":"Drosou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Arch. Sci."},{"key":"2021042610544929500_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-020-0338-0","article-title":"Manual and automated preparation of single-stranded DNA libraries for the sequencing of DNA from ancient biological remains and other sources of highly degraded DNA","volume":"15","author":"Gansauge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."}],"container-title":["Human Molecular Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hmg\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa223\/34694173\/ddaa223.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hmg\/article-pdf\/30\/R1\/R24\/37322164\/ddaa223.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hmg\/article-pdf\/30\/R1\/R24\/37322164\/ddaa223.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T11:27:05Z","timestamp":1619436425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hmg\/article\/30\/R1\/R24\/5924364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"R1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa223","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-6906","1460-2083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-6906","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]}}}