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However, imprinting patterns and functions of RTL1 in the brain have not been well-investigated. We found Rtl1 was paternally, but not maternally, expressed in brain stem, thalamus, and hypothalamus of mice, and imprinting status of RTL1 was maintained in human brain. Paternal Rtl1 knockout (Rtl1m+\/p-) mice had higher neonatal death rates due to impaired suckling, and low body weights beginning on embryonic day 16.5. High paternal expression of Rtl1 was detected in the locus coeruleus (LC) and Rtl1m+\/p- mice showed an increased delay in time of onset for action potentials and inward currents with decreased neuronal excitability of LC neurons. Importantly, Rtl1m+\/p- mice exhibited behaviors associated with anxiety, depression, fear-related learning and memory, social dominance, and low locomotor activity. Taken together, our findings demonstrate RTL1 is imprinted in brain, mediates emotional and social behaviors, and regulates excitability in LC neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T11:21:13Z","timestamp":1652181673000},"page":"3161-3180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["RTL1\/PEG11 imprinted in human and mouse brain mediates anxiety-like and social behaviors and regulates neuronal excitability in the locus coeruleus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ming-Yi","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Chuen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences , College of Medicine, 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Taiwan University, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin-Cent","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Hung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery , Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pi-Chuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Schahram","family":"Akbarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsui-Han","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A*STAR Skin Research Labs , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632 , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin L","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A*STAR Skin Research Labs , Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632 , Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Po","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2718-8221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan Shur-Fen","family":"Gau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences , College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051 , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2657-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsien-Sung","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate 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