{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:28:00Z","timestamp":1775694480733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RM1HG011558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM1HG011558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1F1A1061572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1F1A1061572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alfred P. 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CKD is typically assessed using estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), which incorporates serum levels of biomarkers such as creatinine and cystatin C. However, these biomarkers do not directly measure kidney function; their elevation in CKD results from diminished glomerular filtration. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on eGFR formulas using creatinine (eGFRcre) or cystatin C (eGFRcys) have identified distinct non-overlapping loci, raising questions about whether these loci govern kidney function or biomarker metabolism. In this study, we show that GWAS on creatinine and cystatin C levels in healthy individuals reveal both nonoverlapping genetic loci impacting their metabolism as well as overlapping genetic loci associated with kidney function; whereas GWAS on elevated levels of these biomarkers uncover novel loci primarily associated with kidney function in CKD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaf018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T20:35:36Z","timestamp":1738269336000},"page":"751-764","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic analysis of elevated levels of creatinine and cystatin C biomarkers reveals novel genetic loci associated with kidney function"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5844-6433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"D\u2019Antonio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of 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