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While several genetic susceptibility loci have been reported, population-based evidence in individuals of European ancestry remains limited. Using nationwide data from FinnGen in the Finnish founder population, we identified a genome-wide significant association at a conserved intergenic locus near ROBO1, extending previous findings to a European ancestry cohort. The lead variant, rs62256696, lies within a regulatory region active in human embryonic craniofacial tissues during early development and shows concordant association with previously reported ROBO1 signals from non-European populations. Genetic correlation analyses demonstrated strong shared genetic architecture between CFM and auditory developmental phenotypes, consistent with the defined phenotypic continuum. Together, these findings extend previous observations to a new population context and support a role for regulatory variation at the ROBO1 locus in early craniofacial morphogenesis and auditory system development underlying craniofacial and auditory malformations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddag020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:33:05Z","timestamp":1773750785000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic variation near\n                    <i>ROBO1<\/i>\n                    is associated with craniofacial microsomia and related phenotypes in the Finnish population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0827-2821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kaprio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Park Hospital, Stenb\u00e4ckinkatu 11, 00029 HUS, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Kiukkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Park Hospital, St\u00e4nbackinkatu 11, 00029 HUS, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Juuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Park Hospital, Stenb\u00e4ckinkatu 11, 00029 HUS, Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Haartmaninkatu 1A, 00290, Helsinki 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