{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T06:11:56Z","timestamp":1778479916134,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":97,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor deficits, dopaminergic neuron loss, and \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1-syn) aggregation. While rare mutations underlie familial PD, around 85% of cases are idiopathic. Emerging evidence implicates common genetic variants and the gut microbiome in PD risk, but their interaction has not been studied. We previously demonstrated that the PD-protective SLC39A8 variant rs13107325 (human A391T, corresponding to A393T in mouse) is associated with microbial compositional shifts in humans and reshapes the microbiome in SLC39A8 A393T knock-in mice. Here, we test whether this SNP modifies PD phenotypes in two \u03b1-synucleinopathy mouse models. In the human \u03b1-synuclein overexpression model, A393T carrier mice show reduced motor deficits, consistent with a protective role. However, in the \u03b1-synuclein preformed fibril (PFF) injection model, A393T carriers exhibit worsened motor deficits, increased dopaminergic terminal loss, and enhanced \u03b1-synuclein pathology spread. SNP- and model-specific microbiome changes correlated with motor outcomes. These included enrichment of Lactobacillus and Lactobacillaceae HT002 genera in A393T carriers with \u03b1-synuclein overexpression, and enrichment of Erysipelatoclostridium in PFF-injected A393T carriers. These findings suggest that SLC39A8 A393T-induced microbiome alterations are associated with differential disease outcomes depending on context. Our results are consistent with a model in which susceptibility gene SNPs may influence PD progression via the gut microbiome, though direct causal effects remain to be tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddag024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:50:22Z","timestamp":1773838222000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A microbiome quantitative trait locus in SLC39A8 modulates disease severity in synucleinopathy-induced models of Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5898-7221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julianne C","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamilla","family":"Situ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Troutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruowei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California , Los Angeles, 300 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Buri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Gutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengrui","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allyson","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2146-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezinne","family":"Aja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California , Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rochelle W","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn","family":"Brahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Ahdoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California , Los Angeles, 300 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Brain Research Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, 695 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles , 650 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Howard and Irene Levine Family Center for Movement Disorder, University of California, Los Angeles , 300 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Research and Care, University of California, Los Angeles , 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4698-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles , 100 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California , Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , 11301 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00410-y","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson disease in North America","volume":"8","author":"Willis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Npj Park Dis"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.010","article-title":"Motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a unified framework","volume":"68","author":"Moustafa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21995","article-title":"Clinical progression in Parkinson disease and the neurobiology of axons","volume":"67","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-009-0274-1","article-title":"(2009) beyond tremor and rigidity: non-motor features of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"116","author":"L\u00f6hle","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Vienna Austria"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm17105","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysfunction as reliable non-invasive early diagnostic biomarkers in the pathophysiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a critical review","volume":"24","author":"Nair","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"Jankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.456","article-title":"Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"57","author":"Abbott","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.035","article-title":"Transneuronal propagation of pathologic \u03b1-Synuclein from the gut to the brain models Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.018","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and Neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"167","author":"Sampson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53111","article-title":"A gut bacterial amyloid promotes \u03b1-synuclein aggregation and motor impairment in mice","volume":"9","author":"Sampson","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1099","article-title":"Comorbidity of the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Shulman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","article-title":"Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"18","author":"Nalls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0112-6","article-title":"Characterizing dysbiosis of gut microbiome in PD: evidence for overabundance of opportunistic pathogens","volume":"6","author":"Wallen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Npj Park. Dis."},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00218-2","article-title":"Exploring human-genome gut-microbiome interaction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Wallen","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Park Dis"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3570","article-title":"Detection and interpretation of shared genetic influences on 42 human traits","volume":"48","author":"Pickrell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.01.026","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis of Parkinson\u2019s disease and schizophrenia reveals shared genetic architecture and identifies novel risk loci","volume":"89","author":"Smeland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.06.051","article-title":"A pleiotropic missense variant in SLC39A8 is associated with Crohn\u2019s disease and human gut microbiome composition","volume":"151","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140978","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.140978","article-title":"Pleiotropic ZIP8 A391T implicates abnormal manganese homeostasis in complex human disease","volume":"5","author":"Sunuwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08647-8","article-title":"ZIP8 A391T Crohn\u2019s disease-linked risk variant induces colonic metal ion Dyshomeostasis, microbiome compositional shifts, and inflammation","volume":"69","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0723-z","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of a novel mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a model with the most common 3.0-Mb deletion at the human 22q11.2 locus","volume":"10","author":"Saito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref21","first-page":"297","article-title":"A progressive mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease: the Thy1-aSyn (\u201cline 61\u201d) mice","volume":"9","author":"Chesselet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurother J Am Soc Exp Neurother"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00295-0","article-title":"Mouse model of parkinsonism: a comparison between subacute MPTP and chronic MPTP\/probenecid treatment","volume":"106","author":"Petroske","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15119-w","article-title":"Microglia clear neuron-released \u03b1-synuclein via selective autophagy and prevent neurodegeneration","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb748","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein is phosphorylated in synucleinopathy lesions","volume":"4","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2045","article-title":"Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"276","author":"Polymeropoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090278","article-title":"Alpha-Synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"302","author":"Singleton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3955","article-title":"A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies 17 new Parkinson\u2019s disease risk loci","volume":"49","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10328","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604645113","article-title":"Mutations associated with familial Parkinson\u2019s disease alter the initiation and amplification steps of \u03b1-synuclein aggregation","volume":"113","author":"Flagmeier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-2011-11023","article-title":"MPTP mouse models of Parkinson\u2019s disease: an update","volume":"1","author":"Meredith","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.3.351","article-title":"Progression of Parkinson disease: are we making progress in charting the course?","volume":"62","author":"Jankovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch5","volume-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects","author":"Konnova","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212847","article-title":"A summary of phenotypes observed in the In vivo rodent alpha-Synuclein preformed fibril model","volume":"11","author":"Polinski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-011-9330-x","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease mouse models in translational research","volume":"22","author":"Antony","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.310686","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils: a tool to understand Parkinson\u2019s disease and develop disease modifying therapy","volume":"16","author":"Chmielarz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-022-00641-1","article-title":"Astrocyte contribution to dysfunction, risk and progression in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"24","author":"Brandebura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2110746119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2110746119","article-title":"Therapeutic functions of astrocytes to treat \u03b1-synuclein pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"119","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-01977-2","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein and astrocytes: tracing the pathways from homeostasis to neurodegeneration in Lewy body disease","volume":"138","author":"Sorrentino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02327-8","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated LRRK2 interferes with astrocyte-mediated alpha-Synuclein clearance","volume":"58","author":"Streubel-Gallasch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8618","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0954-20.2020","article-title":"Astrocytes protect human dopaminergic neurons from \u03b1-Synuclein accumulation and propagation","volume":"40","author":"Tsunemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04049-0","article-title":"Fibrillar \u03b1-synuclein induces neurotoxic astrocyte activation via RIP kinase signaling and NF-\u03baB","volume":"12","author":"Chou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01094-z","article-title":"Identification of gut microbial species linked with disease variability in a widely used mouse model of colitis","volume":"7","author":"Forster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2288-7","article-title":"C9orf72 suppresses systemic and neural inflammation induced by gut bacteria","volume":"582","author":"Burberry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadd1236","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add1236","article-title":"ApoE isoform\u2013 and microbiota-dependent progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy","volume":"379","author":"Seo","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/1877718X241312401","article-title":"Lactobacillaceae and Parkinson\u2019s disease: an apparent paradox","volume":"15","author":"Maden","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref45","first-page":"5588","article-title":"(2015) intestinal fucose as a mediator of host-microbe symbiosis","volume":"194","author":"Pickard","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Immunol Baltim Md"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00802-2","article-title":"Microbial biomarker discovery in Parkinson\u2019s disease through a network-based approach","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Npj Park Dis"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00392-8","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref48","first-page":"538","article-title":"The protective influence of chondroitin Sulfate, a component of human milk, on intestinal bacterial invasion and translocation","volume":"35","author":"Burge","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hum Lact Off J Int Lact Consult Assoc"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51303","DOI":"10.3791\/51303","article-title":"Assessing functional performance in the mdx mouse model","volume":"27","author":"Aartsma-Rus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.170","article-title":"Assessing nest building in mice","volume":"1","author":"Deacon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.3791\/3769","article-title":"The tail suspension test","volume":"28","author":"Can","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15163631","article-title":"Ileal Dysbiosis is associated with increased acoustic startle in the 22q11.2 microdeletion mouse model of schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z","article-title":"The novel object recognition memory: neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications","volume":"13","author":"Antunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7.41.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im0741s107","article-title":"Sampling of intestinal microbiota and targeted amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes for microbial ecologic analysis","volume":"107","author":"Tong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Immunol"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D643","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1209","article-title":"The SILVA and \u201call-species living tree project (LTP)\u201d taxonomic frameworks","volume":"42","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: high-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026051101515895000_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6","article-title":"PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions","volume":"38","author":"Douglas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Human Molecular Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hmg\/article-pdf\/35\/6\/ddag024\/67991661\/ddag024.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hmg\/article-pdf\/35\/6\/ddag024\/67991661\/ddag024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T05:52:05Z","timestamp":1778478725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hmg\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddag024\/8644162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddag024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-6906","1460-2083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-6906","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"ddag024"}}