{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:18:58Z","timestamp":1783477138395,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014252","name":"Fondo Argentino Sectorial","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS BIO 05\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS BIO 05\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The persistent M\u00fcllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a 46,XY disorder of sexual development characterized by the persistence of M\u00fcllerian duct derivatives, uterus and tubes, in otherwise normally masculinized males. The condition, transmitted as a recessive autosomal trait, is usually due to mutations in either the anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) gene or its main receptor. Many variants of these genes have been described, all targeting the coding sequences. We report the first case of PMDS due to a regulatory mutation. The AMH promoter contains two binding sites for steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), one at \u2212102 and the other at \u2212228. Our patient carries a single base deletion at \u2212225, significantly decreasing its capacity for binding SF1, as measured by the electrophoresis mobility shift assay. Furthermore, by linking the AMH promoter to the luciferase gene, we show that the transactivation capacity of the promoter is significantly decreased by the mutation, in contrast to the disruption of the \u2212102 binding site. To explain the difference in impact we hypothesize that SF1 could partially overcome the lack of binding to the \u2212102 binding site by interacting with a GATA4 molecule linked to a nearby response element. We show that disruption of both the \u2212102 SF1 and the \u221284 GATA response elements significantly decreases the transactivation capacity of the promoter. In conclusion, we suggest that the distance between mutated SF1 sites and potentially rescuing GATA binding motifs might play a role in the development of PMDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T19:14:15Z","timestamp":1560885255000},"page":"3211-3218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A mutation inactivating the distal SF1 binding site on the human anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone promoter causes persistent M\u00fcllerian duct syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Helena F","family":"Schteingart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinol\u00f3gicas \u2018Dr. C\u00e9sar Bergad\u00e1\u2019 (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-Divisi\u00f3n de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, IHU ICAN, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Valeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinol\u00f3gicas \u2018Dr. C\u00e9sar Bergad\u00e1\u2019 (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-Divisi\u00f3n de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Treton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, IHU ICAN, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"di Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, IHU ICAN, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1100-3843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo A","family":"Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinol\u00f3gicas \u2018Dr. C\u00e9sar Bergad\u00e1\u2019 (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-Divisi\u00f3n de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Josso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, IHU ICAN, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019111805401505100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.113.2.613","article-title":"Expression of the mouse anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone gene suggests a role in both male and female sexual differentiation","volume":"113","author":"M\u00fcnsterberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2019111805401505100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(93)90204-8","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone in early human development","volume":"33","author":"Josso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Early Hum. 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