{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:58:56Z","timestamp":1790017136952,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi of China","award":["2023JJA130029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJA130029"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32460058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32560054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32560054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii, Cucurbitaceae) is globally renowned for its triterpenoid glycoside mogroside V, a high-intensity, non-caloric natural sweetener. However, its domestication and mogroside biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Here, we report a haplotype-resolved telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gapless genome for monk fruit, consisting of 14 chromosomes with genome sizes of 316.21\u00a0Mb (Hap1) and 316.07\u00a0Mb (Hap2). Comparative genomic analyses of the haplotypes revealed that structural variations and transposable elements have significantly contributed to genomic variation and architecture in monk fruit. Population genomic analyses based on 173 re-sequenced genomes indicated that cultivated monk fruit was mainly domesticated in situ from local wild populations in northern Guangxi of China, and that it likely experienced a mild domestication bottleneck, while exhibiting low genetic diversity. Demographic inference further revealed that the low genetic diversity is largely attributed to demographic changes driven by historical climate shifts. Selective sweeps were identified across all chromosomes of cultivated monk fruit, among which are genes exhibiting diverse putative functions and involved in various biosynthetic processes and secondary metabolism. This pattern of selective sweeps demonstrates the joint role of artificial selection and demographic changes in shaping the genomic landscape of cultivated monk fruit. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analyses showed a pronounced temporally specific expression pattern among mogroside biosynthesis genes during fruit development and delineated additional candidate genes potentially involved in mogroside biosynthesis. This study not only provides insights into the domestication and mogroside biosynthesis of monk fruit but also lays a valuable genomic foundation for its molecular breeding and mogroside-targeted synthetic biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhag103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:56:09Z","timestamp":1773834969000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Haplotype-resolved T2T genome and population resequencing provide insights into the domestication and mogroside biosynthesis of\n                    <i>Siraitia grosvenorii<\/i>\n                    (Cucurbitaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1411-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixuan","family":"Kou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi University Engineering Research Center of Bioinformation and Genetic Improvement of Specialty Crops, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shulan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingguo","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongchang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haimiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi University Engineering Research Center of Bioinformation and Genetic Improvement of Specialty Crops, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi University Engineering Research Center of Bioinformation and Genetic Improvement of Specialty Crops, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541006, Guangxi ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2020.05.011","article-title":"Phylotranscriptomics in Cucurbitaceae reveal multiple whole-genome duplications and key morphological and molecular innovations","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Plant"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref2","first-page":"27","article-title":"The genus Siraitia Merr","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"1984","journal-title":"China Guihaia"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604828113","article-title":"The biosynthetic pathway of the nonsugar, high-intensity sweetener mogroside V from Siraitia grosvenorii","volume":"113","author":"Itkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50662-w","article-title":"Structural insights into the catalytic selectivity of glycosyltransferase SgUGT94-289-3 towards mogrosides","volume":"15","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85689-2","article-title":"Introduction, adaptation and characterization of monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii): a non-caloric new natural sweetener","volume":"11","author":"Shivani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/jpp\/rgab150","article-title":"Research progress of pharmacological effects of Siraitia grosvenorii 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Jeffrey: chemical composition, pharmacology, toxicology, status of resources development, and applications","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01400","article-title":"The fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii: a review of a Chinese food-medicine","volume":"10","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-006-9190-5","article-title":"Assessment of genetic diversity in cultivars and wild accessions of Luohanguo (Siraitia grosvenorii [Swingle] A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang), a species with edible and medicinal sweet fruits endemic to southern China, using RAPD and AFLP markers","volume":"54","author":"Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genet Resour Crop Evol"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10181","article-title":"Phylogeographic analysis of Siraitia grosvenorii in subtropical China provides insights into the origin of cultivated monk fruit and conservation of genetic resources","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"2026062123415661100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2007.03.002","article-title":"Clonal and spatial genetic structure in natural populations of Luohanguo (Siraitia grosvenorii), an economic species endemic to South China, as revealed by RAPD markers","volume":"35","author":"Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Syst 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