{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:28:08Z","timestamp":1787923688020,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFE0104200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFE0104200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System Foundation","award":["CARS-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-27"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022MC143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022MC143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010029","name":"Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["tstp20221134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tstp20221134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010029","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Apple (Malus\u2009\u00d7\u2009domestica) is one of the world\u2019s premier fruit crops. Apple Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) is caused by Colletotrichum spp., jeopardizing global apple supply and incurring millions of dollars in annual losses. The development of resistant apple varieties has evolved from conventional selection breeding to deliberate breeding strategies that incorporate statistical analysis and experimental design, and now increasingly integrate genetic and genomic data. Innovative methods like marker-assisted selection and genetic editing have facilitated the development of cultivars resistant to GLS. Novel breeding techniques (NBTs), particularly genome editing, are increasingly vital for the precise and rapid development of disease-resistant crops. The CRISPR\/Cas9 system is a powerful tool for targeted mutagenesis, enabling the development of genetically edited crops that are not classified as transgenic. Consequently, researchers are working to identify genes associated with susceptibility and resistance. The article explores the established mechanisms of interaction between the GLS pathogen and its host, as well as the innate immune responses elicited in the apple plant, to expedite the development of resistant apple varieties. Recent advances in effector biology and host gene targeting offer new avenues to enhance immunity and engineer durable resistance traits against GLS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhag156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:10:34Z","timestamp":1776420634000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular insights and integrated management of Glomerella leaf spot in apple"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mati Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhua","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shukhrat Abdurakhmonovich","family":"Khamdullaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan , Tashkent 111226 ,","place":["Uzbekistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilkham Sarsenbay uly","family":"Aytenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan , Tashkent 111226 ,","place":["Uzbekistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khurshid Sadullaevich","family":"Turakulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan , Tashkent 111226 ,","place":["Uzbekistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaohua","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6487-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yugang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao 266109 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bio035279","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.035279","article-title":"Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis and photosynthetic electron transport chain in young apple tree leaves","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Open"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Apple Genome","author":"O\u2019Rourke","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-024-11363-2","article-title":"Functional genomics of salt and drought stress tolerance in the temperate crop apple (Malus domestica)","volume":"43","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2024.1321067","article-title":"The benefits of integrated pest management for apple depend on pest type and production metrics","volume":"8","author":"Ryalls","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4493","DOI":"10.15244\/pjoes\/181160","article-title":"The influence of some climatic conditions on the yield and fruit quality of replanted apple orchard","volume":"33","author":"Zydlik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-082718-095959","article-title":"Surviving in a hostile world: plant strategies to resist pests and diseases","volume":"57","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phytopathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-05-24-1006-RE","article-title":"Colletotrichum species causing Glomerella leaf spot and apple bitter rot in the southeastern United States exhibit disparities in relative frequency, morphological phenotype, and quinone outside inhibitor sensitivity","volume":"109","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10090660","article-title":"Colletotrichum species associated with apple bitter rot and Glomerella leaf spot: a comprehensive overview","volume":"10","author":"Trkulja","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref9","volume-title":"Characterization of Isolates of Glomerella Cingulata Causal Agent of Glomerella Leaf Spot and Bitter Rot of Apples Based on Morphology and Genetic, Molecular, and Pathogenicity Tests","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref10","article-title":"Genetic and pathogenic diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with apple diseases in southern Brazil and Uruguay","volume":"1261","author":"Stadnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"I International Apple Symposium"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS.1999.83.11.1074B","article-title":"First report of Glomerella leaf spot (Glomerella cingulata) of apple in the United States","volume":"83","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-11-0987-PDN","article-title":"First report of Glomerella leaf spot of apple caused by Glomerella cingulata in China","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14121762","article-title":"Spontaneous Flora as reservoir for the survival and spread of the almond anthracnose pathogen (Colletotrichum godetiae) in intensive almond orchards","volume":"14","author":"Ramos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8030313","article-title":"Colletotrichum species associated with peaches in China","volume":"8","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref15","article-title":"Identification, characterization, and population structure of Colletotrichum spp. causing grape ripe rot in China","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483-022-00147-9","article-title":"Colletotrichum species pathogenic to strawberry: discovery history, global diversity, prevalence in China, and the host range of top two species","volume":"4","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytopathol Res"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3291","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-20-1866-PDN","article-title":"First report of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola on hybrid pear fruit in Korea","volume":"105","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-06-20-1273-RE","article-title":"Diversity and cross-infection potential of Colletotrichum causing fruit rots in mixed-fruit orchards in Kentucky","volume":"105","author":"Eaton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-85-53","article-title":"Species identification and pathogenicity study of French Colletotrichum strains isolated from strawberry using morphological and cultural characteristics","volume":"85","author":"Denoyes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref20","first-page":"189","article-title":"Morphological and Ecological Features as Differentiation Criteria for Colletotrichum Species","volume-title":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","author":"Grahovac","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref21","first-page":"425","article-title":"Pathogenicity Variation, Morphological and Cultural Characteristic of Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Isolates","volume-title":"Plant Archives","author":"Udhayakumar","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-96-0982","article-title":"Clarification of the etiology of Glomerella leaf spot and bitter rot of apple caused by Colletotrichum spp. based on morphology and genetic, molecular, and pathogenicity tests","volume":"96","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2005.00291.x","article-title":"Genotypic and phenotypic diversity in Colletotrichum acutatum, a cosmopolitan pathogen causing anthracnose on a wide range of hosts","volume":"6","author":"Sreenivasaprasad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3114\/sim0010","article-title":"The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex","volume":"73","author":"Damm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud Mycol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1330865","article-title":"Soil, rhizosphere, and root microbiome in kiwifruit vine decline, an emerging multifactorial disease","volume":"15","author":"Guaschino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-18-1915-PDN","article-title":"First report of Colletotrichum fructicola causing apple bitter rot in Europe","volume":"103","author":"Nodet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12940","article-title":"A novel effector CfEC92 of Colletotrichum fructicola contributes to Glomerella leaf spot virulence by suppressing plant defences at the early infection phase","volume":"21","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.13141","article-title":"Histological and ultrastructural characterization of the leaf infection events of Colletotrichum fructicola on Malus domestica \u2018Gala\u2019","volume":"69","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40858-018-0261-x","article-title":"Unraveling Colletotrichum species associated with Glomerella leaf spot of apple","volume":"44","author":"Velho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-05-13-0498-PDN","article-title":"First report of Colletotrichum karstii causing Glomerella leaf spot on apple in Santa Catarina state","volume":"98","author":"Velho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brazil Plant Disease"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-16-1320-PDN","article-title":"First report of Glomerella leaf spot of apple caused by Colletotrichum fructicola in Uruguay","volume":"101","author":"Casanova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11295-020-1414-x","article-title":"Prospects for achieving durable disease resistance with elite fruit quality in apple breeding","volume":"16","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tree Genet Genomes"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.41.1.8","article-title":"The PRI apple breeding program","volume":"41","author":"Janick","year":"2006","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.119.400245","article-title":"Sequencing of a wild apple (Malus baccata) genome unravels the differences between cultivated and wild apple species regarding disease resistance and cold tolerance","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-005-2002-z","article-title":"Identification of a major QTL together with several minor additive or epistatic QTLs for resistance to fire blight in apple in two related progenies","volume":"111","author":"Calenge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/hortres.2015.60","article-title":"Accuracy and responses of genomic selection on key traits in apple breeding","volume":"2","author":"Muranty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hortic Res"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0067-9","article-title":"CRISPR\u2013Cas9-mediated genome editing in apple and grapevine","volume":"13","author":"Osakabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-021-00769-8","article-title":"Application of CRISPR\/Cas9 technology in wild apple (Malus sieverii) for paired sites gene editing","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12611","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212611","article-title":"Tracing CRISPR\/Cas12a mediated genome editing events in apple using high-throughput genotyping by PCR capillary gel electrophoresis","volume":"22","author":"Schr\u00f6pfer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16036","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9 genome-editing applied to MdPGT1 in apple results in reduced foliar phloridzin without impacting plant growth","volume":"113","author":"Miranda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref41","article-title":"Colletotrichum species causing apple bitter rot in Virginia: field losses, distribution and efficacy of biorational and synthetic fungicides in field and in vitro","volume":"0","author":"Borba","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-01-22-0243-RE","article-title":"Identification and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum spp. from apple flowers and fruitlets in Brazil","volume":"107","author":"Gelain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-19-2378-FE","article-title":"Managing Colletotrichum on fruit crops: a \u201ccomplex\u201d challenge","volume":"104","author":"Dowling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s42161-021-00838-w","article-title":"Postharvest application of partitioned plant extracts from Sinaloa, Mexico for controlling papaya pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","volume":"103","author":"L\u00f3pez-Vel\u00e1zquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2021.102028","article-title":"Potential of Trichoderma piluliferum as a biocontrol agent of Colletotrichum musae in banana fruits","volume":"34","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biocatal Agric Biotechnol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10051017","article-title":"Biosurfactant-producing bacillus velezensis PW192 as an anti-fungal biocontrol agent against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum musae","volume":"10","author":"Jumpathong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2017.12.008","article-title":"Control of anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae, on postharvest organic banana by thyme oil","volume":"138","author":"Vilaplana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol Technol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-019-0141-7","article-title":"Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects","volume":"6","author":"Peace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hortic Res"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8070740","article-title":"Diversity of Colletotrichum species causing apple bitter rot and Glomerella leaf spot in China","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-14-1165-PDN","article-title":"First report on fruit spot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in apple (Malus pumila mill.) in Korea","volume":"100","author":"Cheon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-09-20-0432-R","article-title":"Bitter rot of apple in the mid-Atlantic United States: causal species and evaluation of the impacts of regional weather patterns and cultivar susceptibility","volume":"111","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.5423\/PPJ.OA.07.2018.0145","article-title":"Ascospore infection and Colletotrichum species causing Glomerella leaf spot of apple in Uruguay","volume":"35","author":"Alaniz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Pathol J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-10-15-1144-RE","article-title":"Characterization of Colletotrichum species causing bitter rot of apple in Kentucky orchards","volume":"100","author":"Munir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10327-017-0732-9","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationship and fungicide sensitivity of members of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex from apple","volume":"83","author":"Yokosawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gen Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-02-20-0261-PDN","article-title":"First report of Glomerella leaf spot of apple caused by Colletotrichum asianum","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11043","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66761-9","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum species causing apple bitter rot in New York and description of C. noveboracense sp. nov","volume":"10","author":"Khodadadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2007.06.008","article-title":"The hemibiotrophic lifestyle of Colletotrichum species","volume":"165","author":"M\u00fcnch","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbr.2017.05.001","article-title":"Life styles of Colletotrichum species and implications for plant biosecurity","volume":"31","author":"De Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fungal Biol Rev"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00603.x","article-title":"Activation of quiescent infections by postharvest pathogens during transition from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic stage","volume":"268","author":"Prusky","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.6.10.17700","article-title":"Cataloging proteins putatively secreted during the biotrophy-necrotrophy transition of the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum","volume":"6","author":"Bhadauria","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Signal Behav"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref61","article-title":"Quiescence as a strategic stage for the infective process of Colletotrichum species","volume":"25","author":"P\u00e1ez-Redondo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Revista UDCA Actualidad & Divulgaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref62","article-title":"Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum fructicola","volume":"19","author":"Health, E.P.o.P","year":"2021","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-03-13-0080-R","article-title":"Global aspects of pacC regulation of pathogenicity genes in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides as revealed by transcriptome analysis","volume":"26","author":"Alkan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Plant-Microbe Interact"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02212","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02212-20","article-title":"Transcription factor CfSte12 of Colletotrichum fructicola is a key regulator of early apple Glomerella leaf spot pathogenesis","volume":"87","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-03-22-0090-R","article-title":"The CfMcm1 regulates pathogenicity, Conidium germination, and sexual development in Colletotrichum fructicola","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref66","first-page":"1985","article-title":"CfCpmd1 regulates pathogenicity and sexual development of plus and minus strains in Colletotrichum fructicola causing Glomerella leaf spot on apple in China","volume":"113","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8060570","article-title":"Ethylene promotes expression of the Appressorium- and pathogenicity-related genes via GPCR- and MAPK-dependent manners in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4934-0","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes regulating development and host interactions of Colletotrichum fructicola","volume":"19","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01070","article-title":"The MAP kinase CfPMK1 is a key regulator of pathogenesis, development, and stress tolerance of Colletotrichum fructicola","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-11-23-0197-R","article-title":"A Colletotrichum tabacum effector Cte1 targets and stabilizes NbCPR1 to suppress plant immunity","volume":"37","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Plant-Microbe Interact"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.682155","article-title":"The conserved Colletotrichum spp. effector candidate CEC3 induces nuclear expansion and cell death in plants","volume":"12","author":"Tsushima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref72","first-page":"2025","article-title":"Exploring the infection strategy of Colletotrichum fructicola in pecan and two effectors Cf-ID1 and Cf-ID2 were characterized using unique molecular identifier-RNA sequencing technology","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s43897-025-00161-3","article-title":"Apoplastic proteomic reveals Colletotrichum fructicola effector CfXyn11A recognized by tobacco and suppressed by pear in the apoplast","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Hortic"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01053","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01053-24","article-title":"Colletotrichum fructicola co-opts cytotoxic ribonucleases that antagonize host competitive microorganisms to promote infection","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6379","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126379","article-title":"Effector Sntf2 interacted with chloroplast-related protein Mdycf39 promoting the colonization of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in apple leaf","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref76","first-page":"2022","article-title":"The effector protein CgNLP1 of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides affects invasion and disrupts nuclear localization of necrosis-induced transcription factor HbMYB8-like to suppress plant Defence signaling","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s10327-021-01028-3","article-title":"The Colletotrichum higginsianum secreted effector protein ChEC91 induces plant cell death","volume":"87","author":"Takahara","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gen Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14166","article-title":"A fungal CFEM-containing effector targets NPR1 regulator NIMIN2 to suppress plant immunity","volume":"22","author":"Shang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadt7970","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt7970","article-title":"A Colletotrichum-unique effector with the Cx11NC motif enhances plant NDPK2 kinase activity to suppress plant immunity","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/21501203.2018.1464525","article-title":"Extracellular enzymes of Colletotrichum fructicola isolates associated to apple bitter rot and Glomerella leaf spot","volume":"9","author":"Velho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mycology"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10090652","article-title":"Characterization and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum causing Hylocereus undatus anthracnose through the changes of Cell Wall-degrading enzymes and components in fruits","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2024.102285","article-title":"Comparative virulence of Colletotrichum chrysophilum and Colletotrichum nymphaeae on apple leaves","volume":"131","author":"Andrello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol Mol Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-022-08493-w","article-title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals significant differences in gene expression between pathogens of apple Glomerella leaf spot and apple bitter rot","volume":"23","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s40858-023-00600-w","article-title":"Deficiency of the melanin biosynthesis genes CfSCD1 impedes appressoria formation and disrupts Colletotrichum fructicola infection on apple","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13454","article-title":"Genome comparisons reveal accessory genes crucial for the evolution of apple Glomerella leaf spot pathogenicity in Colletotrichum fungi","volume":"25","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13808","article-title":"Pattern recognition receptors and signaling in plant\u2013microbe interactions","volume":"93","author":"Saijo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11105-019-01179-w","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of the apple (Malus domestica) cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK) family: annotation, genomic organization, and expression profiles in response to fungal infection","volume":"38","author":"Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Mol Biol Report"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-5342-1","article-title":"Genome-wide identification of SERK genes in apple and analyses of their role in stress responses and growth","volume":"19","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-11-21-0471-R","article-title":"The apple receptor-like kinase MdSRLK3 positively regulates resistance against pathogenic fungus Valsa Mali by affecting the Ca2+ signaling pathway","volume":"112","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-018-1591-8","article-title":"Genome-wide annotation and expression responses to biotic stresses of the WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE - RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (WAK-RLK) gene family in apple (Malus domestica)","volume":"153","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2018.01.006","article-title":"Functional characterization of an apple (Malus x domestica) LysM domain receptor encoding gene for its role in defence response","volume":"269","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-020-02361-z","article-title":"Overexpression of an apple LysM-containing protein gene, MdCERK1\u20132, confers improved resistance to the pathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata, in Nicotiana benthamiana","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15526","article-title":"CCR-NB-LRR proteins MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 interact physically to confer broad-spectrum fungal resistance in apple (Malus \u00d7 domestica)","volume":"108","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6323","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116323","article-title":"A TIR-NBS-LRR gene MdTNL1 regulates resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apple","volume":"23","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2024.112078","article-title":"The microRNA miR482 regulates NBS-LRR genes in response to ALT1 infection in apple","volume":"343","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.07.107","article-title":"Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of MAPK and MAPKK gene family in Malus domestica","volume":"531","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"uhae159","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae159","article-title":"MdVQ17 negatively regulates apple resistance to Glomerella leaf spot by promoting MdWRKY17-mediated salicylic acid degradation and pectin lyase activity","volume":"11","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hortic Res"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiab108","article-title":"MKK4-MPK3-WRKY17-mediated salicylic acid degradation increases susceptibility to Glomerella leaf spot in apple","volume":"186","author":"Shan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073245","article-title":"The apple mitogen-activated protein kinase MdMAPK6 increases drought, salt, and disease resistance in plants","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14351","article-title":"The MdVQ37-MdWRKY100 complex regulates salicylic acid content and MdRPM1 expression to modulate resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apples","volume":"22","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2019.06.001","article-title":"MdWRKY100 encodes a group I WRKY transcription factor in Malus domestica that positively regulates resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection","volume":"286","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13457","article-title":"MdWRKY71 promotes the susceptibility of apple to Glomerella leaf spot by controlling salicylic acid degradation","volume":"25","author":"Pei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13325","article-title":"\u03b3-Aminobutyric acid plays a key role in alleviating Glomerella leaf spot in apples","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06740","article-title":"R2R3-MYB transcription factor MdMYB73 confers increased resistance to the fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea in apples via the salicylic acid pathway","volume":"69","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2019.110286","article-title":"Apple NAC transcription factor MdNAC52 regulates biosynthesis of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin through MdMYB9 and MdMYB11","volume":"289","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2019.110351","article-title":"Apple ethylene response factor MdERF11 confers resistance to fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea","volume":"291","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhac142","article-title":"MdERF1B\u2013MdMYC2 module integrates ethylene and jasmonic acid to regulate the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in apple","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hortic Res"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9390","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119390","article-title":"Transcription factor MdbHLH093 enhances powdery mildew resistance by promoting salicylic acid signaling and hydrogen peroxide accumulation","volume":"24","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2024.154277","article-title":"The HD-zip I transcription factor MdHB-7 negatively regulates resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apple","volume":"299","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2016.04.047","article-title":"Salicylic acid confers enhanced resistance to Glomerella leaf spot in apple","volume":"106","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.00695","article-title":"S5H\/DMR6 encodes a salicylic acid 5-hydroxylase that fine-tunes salicylic acid homeostasis","volume":"175","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpj.2022.12.011","article-title":"Overexpression of auxin\/indole-3-acetic acid gene MdIAA24 enhances Glomerella leaf spot resistance in apple (Malus domestica)","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hortic Plant J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2022.111245","article-title":"MdIPT8, an isopentenyl transferase enzyme, enhances the resistance of apple to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection","volume":"303","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Hortic"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.098","article-title":"Bactericidal and fungistatic activity of peptide derived from GH18 domain of prawn chitinase 3 and its immunological functions during biological stress","volume":"106","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109779","article-title":"Overexpression of Chitinase gene enhances resistance to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata in apple (Malus\u00d7domestica)","volume":"277","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Hortic"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10343","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210343","article-title":"GDSL esterase\/lipase GELP1 involved in the Defence of apple leaves against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection","volume":"24","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13370","article-title":"The m6A reader MhYTP2 negatively modulates apple Glomerella leaf spot resistance by binding to and degrading MdRGA2L mRNA","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Plant Pathol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-06-21-1142-RE","article-title":"Fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum species causing bitter rot of apple in the mid-Atlantic USA","volume":"106","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref119","volume-title":"Characterization and Fungicide Efficacy of North Carolina Colletotrichum Populations Causing Glomerella Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot on Apple","author":"Johnson","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13030822","article-title":"Essential oils and chitosan applications to protect apples against postharvest diseases and to extend shelf life","volume":"13","author":"Soppelsa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2019.04.002","article-title":"Diversity in species composition and fungicide resistance profiles in Colletotrichum isolates from apples","volume":"158","author":"Chechi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11141856","article-title":"Management of post-harvest anthracnose: current approaches and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Ciofini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-020-02966-x","article-title":"Enhanced biosynthesis synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) for their antifungal activity toxicity against major phyto-pathogens of apple orchards","volume":"37","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2010.04.012","article-title":"Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants","volume":"179","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4401","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154401","article-title":"Antifungal effect of chitosan\/nano-TiO2 composite coatings against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cladosporium oxysporum and Penicillium steckii","volume":"26","author":"Xing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.31083\/0003-925X-67-122","article-title":"Investigation of in vitro and in vivo anti-fungal activities of different plant essential oils against postharvest apple rot diseases-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum","volume":"67","author":"Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Food Saf Food Qual"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae7110479","article-title":"Application of rosemary and eucalyptus essential oils and their Main component on the preservation of apple and pear fruits","volume":"7","author":"Xylia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.2298\/GENSR1503993D","article-title":"Investigation of wild species potential to increase genetic diversity useful for apple breeding","volume":"47","author":"Dan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genetika"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.20087","article-title":"Genome-wide association mapping identifies novel loci underlying fire blight resistance in apple","volume":"14","author":"Thapa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Genome"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s11032-017-0684-y","article-title":"Rapid location of Glomerella leaf spot resistance gene locus in apple by whole genome re-sequencing","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Breed"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-501-5_16","volume-title":"Plant Fungal Pathogens: Methods and Protocols","author":"Goswami","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10070505","article-title":"Functional characterization of the transcription factor gene CgHox7 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is responsible for poplar anthracnose","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00474","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00474-21","article-title":"Molecular dissection of Perithecial mating line development in Colletotrichum fructicola, a species with a nontypical mating system featuring plus-to-minus switch and plus-minus-mediated sexual enhancement","volume":"87","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09886","article-title":"CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III","volume":"471","author":"Deltcheva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31481","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31481","article-title":"Efficient genome editing in apple using a CRISPR\/Cas9 system","volume":"6","author":"Nishitani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13253","article-title":"Reduced fire blight susceptibility in apple cultivars using a high-efficiency CRISPR\/Cas9-FLP\/FRT-based gene editing system","volume":"18","author":"Pompili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol J"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12234006","article-title":"The development of plant genome sequencing technology and its conservation and application in endangered gymnosperms","volume":"12","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-024-00691-4","article-title":"Plant pangenomes for crop improvement, biodiversity and evolution","volume":"25","author":"Schreiber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026082804262284000_ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00723-9","article-title":"Phased diploid genome assemblies and pan-genomes provide insights into the genetic history of apple domestication","volume":"52","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Genet"}],"container-title":["Horticulture Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/hr\/uhag156\/68104989\/uhag156.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hr\/article-pdf\/13\/9\/uhag156\/68104989\/uhag156.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hr\/article-pdf\/13\/9\/uhag156\/68104989\/uhag156.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:46:28Z","timestamp":1787921188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/hr\/uhag156\/8658091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hr\/uhag156","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-7276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-7276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"article-number":"uhag156"}}