{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:00:07Z","timestamp":1790190007317,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union under the Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["101151612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101151612"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de la Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba","award":["203\/14, SECYT-UNC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203\/14, SECYT-UNC"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/056tb7j80","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Consejo Nactional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03cqe8w59","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) through a Biodiversity Challenge grant","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03mz8ps81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wayne L. Ryan Graduate Fellowship, Ryan Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-2449574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-2449574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 1902797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 1902797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plants have evolved a structurally diverse chemical repertoire to mediate various environmental interactions. Yet, little is known about the chemical complexity and metabolic pathways across many plant genera. Acylsugars are a class of specialized metabolite widely distributed across the Solanaceae that play a role in deterring herbivores, insects, and fungal pathogens. Although acylsugars have been extensively characterized from leaf glandular trichomes, they have also been detected in other organs. Nevertheless, the biosynthesis, structures, and function of acylsugars outside of leaf trichomes remain unknown. Here, we performed organ-specific metabolomics across 28 Physalis species, an emerging model and crop genus closely related to important Solanum crops. Automated feature extraction revealed thousands of mass spectral features across the different species and organs. Acylsugar mass spectral features were manually annotated from surface extracts, revealing at least 323 unique acylsugars, substantially expanding the known acylsugar diversity in the Physalis genus. Some, but not all, species in the Physalis genus accumulated acylsugars on the fruit surface, and acylsugars were as abundant or sometimes more abundant in fruits than in leaves or calyces. Hierarchical clustering and phylogenetic tests indicated that species with similar acylsugar profiles did not cluster taxonomically. To determine the biochemical mechanism underlying acylsugar structural diversity, we characterized the first step of acylsugar biosynthesis, catalyzed by an acylsugar acyltransferase. Three Physalis ASAT1 homologs displayed broad substrate preferences, which may partially explain the differences in acylsugar profiles. The diverse fruit-localized acylsugars across the Physalis genus can inform engineering strategies for increased crop resilience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhag177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:09:29Z","timestamp":1777370969000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structurally diverse acylsugars on wild tomatillo fruit surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lillian","family":"Nowack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Deanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany and Mycology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History & Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki , Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Museo Bot\u00e1nico de C\u00f3rdoba (IMBIV-CONICET-UNC) , C\u00f3rdoba ,","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey D","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A","family":"Schenck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1242","article-title":"Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)","volume":"106","author":"Deanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Bot"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.12.037","article-title":"Specialized metabolites: physiological and biochemical role in stress resistance, strategies to improve their accumulation, and new applications in crop breeding and management","volume":"172","author":"Marone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042110-103814","article-title":"Convergent evolution in plant specialized metabolism","volume":"62","author":"Pichersky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Biol"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272363","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1272363","article-title":"Stressing the importance of plant specialized metabolites: omics-based approaches for discovering specialized metabolism in plant stress responses","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.20.00433","article-title":"Plant secondary metabolites as defenses, regulators, and primary metabolites: the blurred functional trichotomy","volume":"184","author":"Erb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56717","article-title":"Evolution of a plant gene cluster in Solanaceae and emergence of metabolic diversity","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife."},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12416","article-title":"The evolutionary paths towards complexity: a metabolic perspective","volume":"201","author":"Weng","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217411","article-title":"The rise of chemodiversity in plants","volume":"336","author":"Weng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-014-2056-8","article-title":"Benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in opium poppy","volume":"240","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta."},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15097","article-title":"Location, location! Cellular relocalization primes specialized metabolic diversification","volume":"287","author":"Schenck","year":"2020","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NP00003B","article-title":"Fruity, sticky, stinky, spicy, bitter, addictive, and deadly: evolutionary signatures of metabolic complexity in the Solanaceae","volume":"39","author":"Fiesel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-021-01191-3","article-title":"Acylsugars protect Nicotiana benthamiana against insect herbivory and desiccation","volume":"109","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153345","article-title":"Differential and synergistic functionality of acylsugars in suppressing oviposition by insect herbivores","volume":"11","author":"Leckie","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.01904","article-title":"O-acyl sugars protect a wild tobacco from both native fungal pathogens and a specialist herbivore","volume":"174","author":"Luu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962050","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2021.1962050","article-title":"Metabolic response to larval herbivory in three Physalis species","volume":"16","author":"Trujillo-Pahua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Signal Behav"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiae128","article-title":"Woolly mutation with the Get02 locus overcomes the polygenic nature of trichome-based pest resistance in 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syndrome","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koac315","article-title":"Physalis: a new model crop to understand plant diversity","volume":"35","author":"Lopez-Gomollon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-020-00821-3","article-title":"A review of nutritional properties and health benefits of Physalis species","volume":"75","author":"Shenstone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum Nutr"},{"key":"2026092314063931900_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2022.108518","article-title":"Sucrose esters from the calyxes of Physalis chenopodifolia","volume":"512","author":"Barrientos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr 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