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Post-translational modifications are essential for regulating various cellular processes, but the functions of SUMOylation, an increasingly significant post-translational modification, remain to be thoroughly explored in horticultural plants. In this review, we summarize the current research advancements regarding protein SUMOylation in horticultural plants and offer perspectives for future investigations. We begin by introducing the SUMOylation system in horticultural plants. Subsequently, we focus on the roles of SUMOylation in development and stress responses in horticultural plants, with association of plant hormones in these processes. Following this discussion, we outline potential techniques for detecting SUMOylation substrates in horticultural species. Finally, we present prospective directions for future research in this field. This work aims to enhance our understanding of functional implications of SUMOylation while providing novel insights into strategies for improving yield, quality, and resistance in horticultural crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhag194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T11:30:26Z","timestamp":1778585426000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SUMOylation: an emerging field of protein modification in horticultural plants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5593-5615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou 730070 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9269-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianbin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15553","article-title":"Combining novel technologies with interdisciplinary basic research to enhance horticultural crops","volume":"109","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14047","DOI":"10.1038\/hortres.2014.47","article-title":"Temporal and spatial control of gene expression in horticultural crops","volume":"1","author":"Dutt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hortic Res"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00500-y","article-title":"Signalling mechanisms and cellular functions of SUMO","volume":"23","author":"Vertegaal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0380034","article-title":"SUMO and ubiquitin paths converge","volume":"38","author":"Denuc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koae192","article-title":"Charting the evolutionary path of the SUMO modification system in plants reveals molecular hardwiring of development to stress adaptation","volume":"36","author":"Ghosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112825","article-title":"SUMO interacting motifs: structure and function","volume":"10","author":"Yau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2021.110987","article-title":"SUMOylation: a critical transcription modulator in plant cells","volume":"310","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Sci"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-024-01783-z","article-title":"Highly sensitive site-specific SUMOylation proteomics in Arabidopsis","volume":"10","author":"Sang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Plants"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.17.00993","article-title":"SUMOylome profiling reveals a diverse array of nuclear targets modified by the SUMO ligase SIZ1 during heat stress","volume":"30","author":"Rytz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2018.06.006","article-title":"SUMOylation: re-wiring the plant nucleus during stress and development","volume":"45","author":"Augustine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Plant Biol"},{"key":"2026093019215906000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6862","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209694200","article-title":"The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein modification system in Arabidopsis. 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