{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:52:40Z","timestamp":1791168760856,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie","award":["847585 \u2013 RESPONSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847585 \u2013 RESPONSE"]}]},{"name":"the ETH Zurich project","award":["ETH-32 21-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ETH-32 21-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a28rw58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A sustainable approach to address climate change and increasing water demand in agriculture is breeding for plant functional traits that conserve water and enhance climate resilience. Stomata regulate plant\u2013water relations and are promising targets for crop improvement. Here, we investigate the variation in stomatal density (SD) in a diverse apple population (Malus domestica Borkh.) consisting of 269 accessions. Genome-wide association studies identified robust associations with SD on chromosomes 2, 9, and 10 (classified as SNPs with a P-value higher than adjusted Bonferroni threshold of \u2212log10(P)\u2009&amp;gt;\u20098.78 that were consistently identified across datasets). On chromosome 9, a candidate gene that negatively regulates stomatal development, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR 1 (EPF1), was identified inside a genomic region of 241\u00a0kb determined by six robust associations. On chromosome 10, a positive regulator candidate gene, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR LIKE 9 (STOMAGEN), was identified 1680\u00a0kb from the robust association. Identification of positive (STOMAGEN) and negative (EPF1) regulators of SD suggest potential antagonistic roles at the population scale in determining SD. On chromosome 2, a gene co-expression analysis identified a gene cluster containing both EPF1 and STOMAGEN together with a novel candidate gene, CYTOCHROME P450 (CYP77A4), that was located 544\u00a0kb from the robust association. The percentage of SD phenotypic variance explained by each robust association was between 7% and 10%. These findings provide a foundation for understanding SD variation at the population scale and opportunities to modulate SD by genomics-assisted breeding strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhag285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T06:45:28Z","timestamp":1783493128000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Candidate genes with antagonistic roles in stomatal development are associated with population-wide variation in apple"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8797-0205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Zuffa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8092 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Laimburg Research Centre , Auer 39040 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7065-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8092 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Division of Plant Breeding, Agroscope , Mueller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, Waedenswil 8820 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8092 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5880-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carles","family":"Quesada-Traver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8092 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Estefan\u00eda","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8092 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni A L","family":"Broggini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8092 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0919-2702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Patocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plant Breeding, Agroscope , Mueller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, Waedenswil 8820 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Studer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8092 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2986-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich , Universitaetstrasse 2, Zurich 8092 ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Crop Science and Production Systems, NIAB , 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100422265912700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6123","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erab276","article-title":"Rewilding crops for climate resilience: economic analysis and de novo domestication strategies","volume":"72","author":"Razzaq","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"2026100422265912700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-023-00913-8","article-title":"Global spatially explicit yield gap time trends reveal regions at risk of future crop yield stagnation","volume":"5","author":"Gerber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Food"},{"key":"2026100422265912700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2296","article-title":"Recent patterns of crop yield 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