{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:01:25Z","timestamp":1783443685667,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":318,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>What is the existing empirical literature on the psychosocial health and wellbeing of the parents and offspring born at an advanced parental age (APA), defined as 40\u2009years onwards?<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the studies show discrepancies in defining who is an APA parent and an imbalance in the empirical evidence for offspring, mothers, and fathers, there is a drive towards finding psychotic disorders and (neuro-)developmental disorders among the offspring; overall, the observed advantages and disadvantages are difficult to compare.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In many societies, children are born to parents at advanced ages and there is rising attention in the literature towards the consequences of this trend.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The systematic search was conducted in six electronic databases (PubMed including Medline, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and SocINDEX) and was limited to papers published between 2000 and 2021 and to English-language articles. Search terms used across all six electronic databases were: (\u2018advanced parental age\u2019 OR \u2018advanced maternal age\u2019 OR \u2018advanced paternal age\u2019 OR \u2018advanced reproductive age\u2019 OR \u2018late parent*\u2019 OR \u2018late motherhood\u2019 OR \u2018late fatherhood\u2019) AND (\u2018IVF\u2019 OR \u2018in vitro fertilization\u2019 OR \u2018in-vitro-fertilization\u2019 OR \u2018fertilization in vitro\u2019 OR \u2018ICSI\u2019 OR \u2018intracytoplasmic sperm injection\u2019 OR \u2018reproductive techn*\u2019 OR \u2018assisted reproductive technolog*\u2019 OR \u2018assisted reproduction\u2019 OR \u2018assisted conception\u2019 OR \u2018reproduction\u2019 OR \u2018conception\u2019 OR \u2018birth*\u2019 OR \u2018pregnan*\u2019) AND (\u2018wellbeing\u2019 OR \u2018well-being\u2019 OR \u2018psycho-social\u2019 OR \u2018social\u2019 OR \u2018ethical\u2019 OR \u2018right to reproduce\u2019 OR \u2018justice\u2019 OR \u2018family functioning\u2019 OR \u2018parental competenc*\u2019 OR \u2018ageism\u2019 OR \u2018reproductive autonomy\u2019 OR \u2018outcome\u2019 OR \u2018risk*\u2019 OR \u2018benefit*\u2019).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The included papers were empirical studies in English published between 2000 and 2021, where the study either examined the wellbeing and psychosocial health of parents and\/or their children, or focused on parental competences of APA parents or on the functioning of families with APA parents. A quality assessment of the identified studies was performed with the QATSDD tool. Additionally, 20% of studies were double-checked at the data extraction and quality assessment stage to avoid bias. The variables sought were: the geographical location, the year of publication, the methodological approach, the definitions of APA used, what study group was at the centre of the research, what research topic was studied, and what advantages and disadvantages of APA were found.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total number of 5403 articles were identified, leading to 2543 articles being included for title and abstract screening after removal of duplicates. This resulted in 98 articles included for a full-text reading by four researchers. Ultimately, 69 studies were included in the final sample. The key results concerned four aspects relevant to the research goals. (i) The studies showed discrepancies in defining who is an APA parent. (ii) There was an imbalance in the empirical evidence produced for different participant groups (mothers, fathers, and offspring), with offspring being the most studied study subjects. (iii) The research topics studied underlined the increased risks of neuro-developmental and psychotic disorders among offspring. (iv) The observed advantages and disadvantages were varied and could not be compared, especially for the offspring of APA parents.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Only English-language studies, published between 2000 and 2021, found in the above-mentioned databases were considered for this review.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>More research is necessary to understand the risks and benefits of building a family at an APA for the offspring when they reach adulthood. Furthermore, studies that explore the perspective of older fathers and older parents from non-Western societies would be highly informative.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The writing of this manuscript was permitted by financial support provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Weave\/Lead Agency funding program, grant number 10001AL_197415\/1, project title \u2018Family Building at Advanced Parental Age: An Interdisciplinary Approach\u2019). The funder had no role in the drafting of this manuscript and the views expressed therein are those of the authors. The authors have no conflicts of interest.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This systematic review is registered in Prospero: CRD42022304564.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoad042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T18:55:49Z","timestamp":1700074549000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Building a family at advanced parental age: a systematic review on the risks and opportunities for parents and their offspring"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2023","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6283-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie B","family":"Neeser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2113-1002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Martani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7835-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"De Clercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0889-6310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"De Geyter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology (RME), University Hospital, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Vulliemoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Procr\u00e9ation M\u00e9dicalement Assist\u00e9e (CPMA) , Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4249-7399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernice S","family":"Elger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0857-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tenzin","family":"Wangmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03411.x","article-title":"Associations between advanced maternal age and psychological distress in primiparous women, from early pregnancy to 18 months postpartum","volume":"119","author":"Aasheim","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/09505431.2021.1935842","article-title":"Monstrous motherhood\u2014women on the edge of reproductive age","volume":"30","author":"Adrian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Cult (Lond)"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2016.00105.x","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and offspring outcomes: reproductive aging and counterbalancing period trends","volume":"42","author":"Barclay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Popul Dev Rev"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.03.004","article-title":"Advanced parental ages and low birth weight in autism spectrum disorders-rates and effect on functioning","volume":"32","author":"Ben Itzchak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz001","article-title":"The health of children conceived by ART: \u2018the chicken or the egg?\u2019","volume":"25","author":"Berntsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.036","article-title":"Associations between maternal older age, family environment and parent and child wellbeing in families using assisted reproductive techniques to conceive","volume":"68","author":"Boivin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5402","article-title":"Advanced paternal age, infertility, and reproductive risks: a review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Brandt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.05.024","article-title":"Parental age and risk of bipolar disorder in offspring","volume":"208","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.9.1528","article-title":"Paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring","volume":"159","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.7.673","article-title":"Parental age and risk of schizophrenia: a case-control study","volume":"60","author":"Byrne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/23294515.2015.1053007","article-title":"Bad moms, blameless dads: the portrayal of maternal and paternal age and preconception harm in U.S. newspapers","volume":"7","author":"Campo-Engelstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJOB Empir Bioeth"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41118-020-00076-5","article-title":"Parental age at childbirth and children's educational outcomes: evidence from upper-secondary schools in Italy","volume":"76","author":"Cantalini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genus"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1031-170X(03)80004-1","article-title":"Late motherhood: the experience of parturition for first time mothers aged over 35 years","volume":"16","author":"Carolan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust J Midwifery"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330500230987","article-title":"\"Doing it properly\": the experience of first mothering over 35 years","volume":"26","author":"Carolan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45278","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45278","article-title":"Associations of parental age with health and social factors in adult offspring. Methodological pitfalls and possibilities","volume":"7","author":"Carslake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52853-8","article-title":"Associations of parental age with offspring all-cause and cause-specific adult mortality","volume":"9","author":"Carslake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1177\/01622439211021914","article-title":"Age-discriminated IVF access and evidence-based ageism: is there a better way?","volume":"47","author":"Cavaliere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Technol Human Values"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B18","author":"Chaloner","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2014.966880","article-title":"First childbirth and motherhood at post natural fertile age: a persistent and intergenerational experience of personal and social anomaly?","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Work Health Care"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa046","article-title":"The other face of advanced paternal age: a scoping review of its terminological, social, public health, psychological, ethical and regulatory aspects","volume":"27","author":"Couture","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/hypa.12151","article-title":"Postmenopausal motherhood reloaded: advanced age and in vitro derived gametes","volume":"30","author":"Cutas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypatia"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4525","article-title":"Paternal age at childbearing and offspring psychiatric and academic morbidity","volume":"71","author":"D'Onofrio","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.9.1591","article-title":"Paternal age and schizophrenia: Further support for an association","volume":"159","author":"Dalman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B24","author":"Destatis","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn250","article-title":"Advanced parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"168","author":"Durkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2014.948080","article-title":"Assisted reproduction for postmenopausal women","volume":"17","author":"Ekberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3224\/zff.v26i3.18991","article-title":"Timing of first birth and well-being in later life.Der Zeitpunkt der ersten Geburt und das Wohlbefinden im sp\u00e4teren Leben","volume":"26","author":"Engelhardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"JFamRes"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B29","author":"Eurostat","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B30","author":"Eurostat","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e366","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00038-8","article-title":"Association between maternal age at childbirth and child and adult outcomes in the offspring: a prospective study in five low-income and middle-income countries (COHORTS collaboration)","volume":"3","author":"Fall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.09.027","article-title":"Advanced paternal and grandpaternal age and schizophrenia: a three-generation perspective","volume":"133","author":"Frans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.9.1034","article-title":"Advancing paternal age and bipolar disorder","volume":"65","author":"Frans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2007.05.009","article-title":"Older motherhood and the changing life course in the era of assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"22","author":"Friese","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Aging Stud"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.2017.1377678","article-title":"The role of paternal age in the prediction of offspring intelligence","volume":"178","author":"Gajos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Genet Psychol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B36","first-page":"348","article-title":"Pregnancy at age 35 or older","volume":"140","author":"Gantt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.07.051","article-title":"The joys of older motherhood: a questionnaire-based survey of mothers who delivered over the age of 50 years","volume":"265","author":"George-Carey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B38","first-page":"49","article-title":"Association of ADHD symptoms severity with higher paternal and lower maternal age of a clinical sample of children","volume":"52","author":"Ghanizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.2014.1001887","article-title":"How are children of older mothers doing? Evidence from the United Kingdom","volume":"61","author":"Goisis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biodemography Soc Biol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/02646838.2014.962015","article-title":"Psychosocial adjustment of couples to first-time parenthood at advanced maternal age: an exploratory longitudinal study","volume":"32","author":"Guedes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21528","article-title":"Personal competencies, social resources, and psychosocial adjustment of primiparous women of advanced maternal age and their partners","volume":"36","author":"Guedes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S139578","article-title":"Advanced maternal age: ethical and medical considerations for assisted reproductive technology","volume":"9","author":"Harrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000803","article-title":"The effect of paternal age on relapse in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"60","author":"Hui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.121","article-title":"Advancing paternal age and risk of autism: new evidence from a population-based study and a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies","volume":"16","author":"Hultman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B45","author":"Institute of Asia Society Policy","year":"2023"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.03.029","article-title":"An exploration of parental age in relation to parents' psychological health, child adjustment and experiences of being an older parent in families formed through egg donation","volume":"45","author":"Jadva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.02.006","article-title":"Paternal age alters social development in offspring","volume":"56","author":"Janecka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1156","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.125","article-title":"Advantageous developmental outcomes of advancing paternal age","volume":"7","author":"Janecka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/08952841.2014.927728","article-title":"Renewed \u201colder\u201d motherhood\/mothering: a qualitative exploration","volume":"27","author":"Jarvie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Women Aging"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002610","article-title":"Paternal age at childbirth and eating disorders in offspring","volume":"47","author":"Javaras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B51","first-page":"15","article-title":"Mid-life fertility: challenges & policy planning","volume":"148","author":"Jindal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex267","article-title":"The age of fathers in the USA is rising: an analysis of 168 867 480 births from 1972 to 2015","volume":"32","author":"Khandwala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.149021","article-title":"Estimated autism risk and older reproductive age","volume":"99","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1353\/book.60330","volume-title":"The Other Population Crisis: What Governments Can Do About Falling Birth Rates","author":"Kramer","year":"2014"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1801-3","article-title":"Parental age and risk of autism spectrum disorders in a Finnish National Birth Cohort","volume":"43","author":"Lampi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-01936-x","article-title":"Association between paternal age and risk of schizophrenia: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"38","author":"Lan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0186287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186287","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Lean","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.11.006","article-title":"Differences in maternal and paternal age between schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders","volume":"116","author":"Lopez-Castroman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-2470-9","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and maternal education disparity in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"22","author":"Lung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead070","article-title":"The psychosocial outcomes of older parenthood in early to mid-childhood: a mini-review","volume":"38","author":"Lysons","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des007","article-title":"\u2018Inconvenient biology:\u2019 advantages and disadvantages of first-time parenting after age 40 using in vitro fertilization","volume":"27","author":"Mac Dougall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e3181f1c65a","article-title":"The lived experience of pregnancy complications in single older women","volume":"35","author":"Mandel","year":"2010","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_25_19","article-title":"Advanced parental age and risk of positive autism spectrum disorders screening","volume":"10","author":"Manzouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.02.004","article-title":"Parental age and offspring psychopathology in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort","volume":"56","author":"Merikangas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1080\/08952841.2019.1593798","article-title":"Psychosocial needs of first-time mothers over 40","volume":"32","author":"Meyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Women Aging"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181e07d79","article-title":"Advanced paternal age, mortality, and suicide in the general population","volume":"198","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.01.020","article-title":"Paternal age and mortality in nonaffective psychosis","volume":"121","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.08.013","article-title":"Advanced paternal age and parental history of schizophrenia","volume":"133","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30482-5","article-title":"The association between maternal age and depression","volume":"36","author":"Muraca","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00129-017-4124-1","article-title":"Advantages of later motherhood","volume":"50","author":"Myrskyl\u00e4","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynakologe"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws237","article-title":"Is later better or worse? Association of advanced parental age with offspring cognitive ability among half a million young Swedish men","volume":"177","author":"Myrskyl\u00e4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2018.10.020","article-title":"Migrant extractability: centring the voices of egg providers in cross-border reproduction","volume":"7","author":"Nahman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5245(04)00089-6","article-title":"A qualitative study of older first-time mothering in the first year","volume":"18","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01335.x","article-title":"Characteristics of women who are pregnant with their first baby at an advanced age","volume":"91","author":"Nilsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.10.001","article-title":"Effect of parental age on treatment response in adolescents with schizophrenia","volume":"151","author":"Opler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.5.1146","article-title":"The welfare of the child. Measuring the welfare of the child: in search of the appropriate evaluation principle","volume":"14","author":"Pennings","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.04.018","article-title":"Age as a criterion for parenting competence","volume":"27","author":"Pennings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10020252","article-title":"Paternal age at birth of first child and risk of schizophrenia","volume":"168","author":"Petersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66774-4","article-title":"Mothers who have given birth at an advanced age\u2014health status before and after childbirth","volume":"10","author":"Pettersson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.11057","article-title":"Advanced maternal age: adverse outcomes of pregnancy, a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B82","author":"Popay","year":"2006"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001426","article-title":"Advanced paternal age at birth: phenotypic and etiologic associations with eating pathology in offspring","volume":"44","author":"Racine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.03.011","article-title":"Male biological clock: a critical analysis of advanced paternal age","volume":"103","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.9.1026","article-title":"Advancing paternal age and autism","volume":"63","author":"Reichenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/17518423.2019.1645222","article-title":"Parental age at conception and the relationship with severity of autism symptoms","volume":"23","author":"Rieske","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Neurorehabil"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.09.012","article-title":"Maternal age and paternal age are associated with distinct childhood behavioural outcomes in a general population birth cohort","volume":"115","author":"Saha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000040","article-title":"Advanced paternal age is associated with impaired neurocognitive outcomes during infancy and childhood","volume":"6","author":"Saha","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmr040","article-title":"Demographic and medical consequences of the postponement of parenthood","volume":"18","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.116","article-title":"Independent and dependent contributions of advanced maternal and paternal ages to autism risk","volume":"3","author":"Shelton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.07.010","article-title":"Parental age and assisted reproductive technology in autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette syndrome in a Japanese population","volume":"6","author":"Shimada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2011.01662.x","article-title":"Reviewing studies with diverse designs: the development and evaluation of a new tool","volume":"18","author":"Sirriyeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.09.035","article-title":"Effects of paternal age and offspring cognitive ability in early adulthood on the risk of schizophrenia and related disorders","volume":"160","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B94","author":"Statista","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.074","article-title":"Motherhood after age 50: an evaluation of parenting stress and physical functioning","volume":"87","author":"Steiner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11039-6","article-title":"Paternal-age-related de novo mutations and risk for five disorders","volume":"10","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12165","article-title":"Does late childbearing increase the risk for behavioural problems in children? A longitudinal cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Tearne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e318176fabb","article-title":"Statement on guidance for genetic counseling in advanced paternal age","volume":"10","author":"Toriello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.06.017","article-title":"Paternal age as a risk factor for schizophrenia: how important is it?","volume":"114","author":"Torrey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2016.1266248","article-title":"Associations between older maternal age, use of sanctions, and children's socio-emotional development through 7, 11, and 15 years","volume":"15","author":"Trillingsgaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88379","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088379","article-title":"Is there an association between advanced paternal age and endophenotype deficit levels in schizophrenia?","volume":"9","author":"Tsuang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.045120","article-title":"Paternal age at birth and high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder in offspring","volume":"193","author":"Tsuchiya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45090","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045090","article-title":"Paternal age and risk of autism in an ethnically diverse, non-industrialized setting: Aruba","volume":"7","author":"Van Balkom","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.01.023","article-title":"Advanced paternal age and early onset of schizophrenia in sporadic cases: not confounded by parental polygenic risk for schizophrenia","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000203","article-title":"Association of older paternal age with earlier onset among co-affected schizophrenia sib-pairs","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000242","article-title":"Understanding the association between advanced paternal age and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"50","author":"Weiser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn109","article-title":"Advanced parental age at birth is associated with poorer social functioning in adolescent males: shedding light on a core symptom of schizophrenia and autism","volume":"34","author":"Weiser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.02.004","article-title":"Sleep quality at 3 months postpartum considering maternal age: a comparative study","volume":"31","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B109","first-page":"103","author":"Woodward","year":"2016"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.01.020","article-title":"Advanced paternal age increases the risk of schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder in a chinese han population","volume":"198","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13267","article-title":"Parental age and offspring childhood mental health: a multi-cohort, population-based investigation","volume":"91","author":"Zondervan-Zwijnenburg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2143\/EP.1.2.630096","article-title":"The moral significance of our biological nature","volume":"1","author":"Zwart","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ethical Perspect"},{"key":"2023120209183268500_hoad042-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01649-w","article-title":"Is it time to establish age restrictions in ART?","volume":"37","author":"Zweifel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoad042\/53420104\/hoad042.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2023\/4\/hoad042\/53974337\/hoad042.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2023\/4\/hoad042\/53974337\/hoad042.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T09:19:13Z","timestamp":1701508753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoad042\/7421914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoad042","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"article-number":"hoad042"}}