{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T13:50:51Z","timestamp":1792936251575,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":170,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics","award":["2022HZSY0051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022HZSY0051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY QUESTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Is there an association between changes in endometrial thickness (EMT) following progesterone administration and pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfers (FETs) at Day 3 (D3) and blastocyst stages?<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SUMMARY ANSWER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endometrial compaction is not associated with better pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies have shown conflicting results on the impact of EMT changes on FET outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was a single-center retrospective cohort analysis of FETs from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022. A total of 9390 D3 FETs and 7063 blastocyst FETs were included during this period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS\/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>D3 FETs and blastocyst FETs were divided into three groups: compaction group, non-change group, and expansion group. The impact of EMT changes after progesterone administration on HCG-positive, pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, live birth, and pregnancy loss rates were analyzed for D3 and blastocyst FETs. EMT on the progesterone administration day (defined as EMT1) and on embryo transfer (ET)day (defined as EMT2) was measured exclusively by transvaginal ultrasound. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) and stratified logistic regressions were conducted to reduce the effects of confounding factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After IPW adjustment, in D3 FETs, women with compacted endometrium had the lowest HCG-positive rates (P\u2009=\u20090.012), clinical pregnancy rates (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), ongoing pregnancy rates (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), and live birth rates (LBRs) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) among the three groups. Among HCG-positive cases, the compaction group had the highest ectopic pregnancy rates (3.5% vs 2.6% vs 1.6%; P\u2009=\u20090.015) and the lowest LBRs (65.8% vs 68.3% vs 71.4%; P\u2009=\u20090.018). Univariate logistic regressions found that LBRs were weakly associated with compacted endometrium [odds ratio (OR) 0.831, 95% CI: 0.696\u20130.993]. Logistic regressions with IPW revealed that the compaction group was not associated with higher odds of pregnancy outcomes, including HCG positive, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, and live births compared to the non-change group. In contrast, the expansion group was associated with higher odds of live birth per ETs (OR 1.166, 95% CI: 1.070\u20131.271; P\u2009=\u20090.001), and live birth per HCG-positive cases (OR 1.160, 95% CI: 1.028\u20131.309; P\u2009=\u20090.016). In blastocyst FETs, women with compacted endometrium had the lowest HCG-positive rates (P\u2009=\u20090.001) and clinical pregnancy rates (P\u2009=\u20090.031). Logistic regressions with IPW adjustment found that compaction group was associated with lower odds of HCG positive (OR 0.813, 95% CI: 0.668\u20130.989, P\u2009=\u20090.039) compared to the non-change group. Additionally, LBRs increased with the rising change ratios of EMT after progesterone administration, but within a certain range (30% in D3 FETs and 50% in blastocyst FETs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study only included retrospective analyses of untested embryos for FETs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endometrial expansion in D3 FETs exhibited a positive association with improved LBRs, but not in blastocyst FETs. These findings suggest that embryo developmental stage-specific endometrial preparation protocols may enhance assisted reproductive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82201856), Basic Scientific Research project of Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau (Y20220006), Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics (2022HZSY0051), and Clinical Technology International Exchange Project of Zhejiang Provincial Medical Institutions. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>N\/A.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T21:13:24Z","timestamp":1751058804000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endometrial compaction shows no association with improved pregnancy outcomes in hormonal replacement frozen-thawed embryo transfer: an analysis of over 16\u00a0000 cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Peipei","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4414-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiyi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1618-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4253-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yili","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan, Shandong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der037","article-title":"The Istanbul consensus workshop on embryo assessment: proceedings of an expert meeting","volume":"26","author":"Alpha Scientists in Reproductive Medicine and ESHRE Special Interest Group of Embryology","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Relationship between endometrial thickness and in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome","volume":"7","author":"Aydin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-019-0545-0","article-title":"The impact of endometrial thickness change after progesterone administration on pregnancy outcome in patients transferred with single frozen-thawed blastocyst","volume":"17","author":"Bu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E971","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3794","article-title":"Apoptotic effects of high estradiol concentrations on endometrial glandular cells","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264608","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1264608","article-title":"Does endometrial compaction before embryo transfer affect pregnancy outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy044","article-title":"Conventional and modern markers of endometrial receptivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Craciunas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod56.6.1390","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in the peri-implantation rabbit uterus","volume":"56","author":"Das","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B7","first-page":"601","article-title":"[Effect of serum estradiol level before progesterone administration on pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles]","volume":"38","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Bao"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.5.486","article-title":"Changes in basement membrane thickness in the human endometrium during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle","volume":"4","author":"Dockery","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.04.031","article-title":"The relationship between endometrial thickness and outcome of medicated frozen embryo replacement cycles","volume":"89","author":"El-Toukhy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae012","article-title":"Association between proliferative-to-secretory endometrial compaction and pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.05.001","article-title":"Endometrial compaction (decreased thickness) in response to progesterone results in optimal pregnancy outcome in frozen-thawed embryo transfers","volume":"112","author":"Haas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-1459","article-title":"Significance of endometrial thickness change after human chorionic gonadotrophin triggering in modified natural cycles for frozen-thawed embryo transfer","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05763-4","article-title":"Value of endometrial thickness change after human chorionic gonadotrophin administration in predicting pregnancy outcome following fresh transfer in vitro fertilization cycles","volume":"303","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11040376","article-title":"Mother and embryo cross-communication","volume":"11","author":"Idelevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00841-x","article-title":"Effect of endometrial thickness changes on clinical pregnancy rates after progesterone administration in a single frozen-thawed euploid blastocyst transfer cycle using natural cycles with luteal support for PGT-SR- and PGT-M-assisted reproduction: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.08.008","article-title":"Endometrial thickness changes after progesterone administration do not affect the pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed euploid blastocyst transfer: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"116","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.02.066","article-title":"Serum estradiol levels during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation influence the pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization in a concentration-dependent manner","volume":"93","author":"Joo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-023-02809-9","article-title":"Endometrial compaction is associated with the outcome of artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Ju","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02327-6","article-title":"The change in endometrial thickness following progesterone exposure correlates with in vitro fertilization outcome after transfer of vitrified-warmed blastocysts","volume":"38","author":"Kaye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-01020-2","article-title":"Endometrial compaction after human chorionic gonadotrophin administration reduces ectopic pregnancy rate following fresh embryo transfer in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles in patients with non-thin endometrium: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118044","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1118044","article-title":"Endometrial receptivity change: ultrasound evaluation on ovulation day and transplantation day during the natural frozen embryo transfer cycle","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814648","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.814648","article-title":"The effect of endometrial thickness on pregnancy, maternal, and perinatal outcomes of women in fresh cycles after IVF\/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev201507","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201507","article-title":"Human embryo implantation","volume":"150","author":"Muter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.02.025","article-title":"Endometrial compaction does not predict the reproductive outcome after vitrified-warmed embryo transfer: a prospective cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Olgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-020-02043-7","article-title":"Endometrial compaction does not predict live birth rate in single euploid frozen embryo transfer cycles","volume":"38","author":"Riestenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac060","article-title":"Endometrial compaction does not predict live birth in single euploid frozen embryo transfers: a prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2017-139","article-title":"Relationship between bovine endometrial thickness and plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations in natural and induced estrus","volume":"64","author":"Sugiura","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-023-02942-5","article-title":"Can endometrial compaction predict live birth rates in assisted reproductive technology cycles? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Turkgeldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2021.11.011","article-title":"Sonographic prediction of successful embryonic implantation in in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycle procedures, using a multi-parameter approach","volume":"28","author":"Ugwu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiography (Lond)"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.suppl_2.107","article-title":"Ovarian stimulation and endometrial receptivity","volume":"14","author":"Valbuena","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02018-0","article-title":"Increasing levels of estradiol are deleterious to embryonic implantation because they directly affect the embryo","volume":"76","author":"Valbuena","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00776","article-title":"Thin endometrium is also associated with lower clinical pregnancy rate in unstimulated menstrual cycles: a study based on natural cycle IVF","volume":"9","author":"von Wolff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa209","article-title":"The effect of Day 3 cell number on pregnancy outcomes in vitrified-thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1080\/14647273.2021.1966703","article-title":"Endometrial compaction is associated with the increased live birth rate in artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles","volume":"26","author":"Yaprak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Fertil (Camb)"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546232","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.546232","article-title":"Effect of endometrial thickness change in response to progesterone administration on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed embryo transfer: analysis of 4465 cycles","volume":"11","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02544-7","article-title":"Endometrial compaction is associated with increased clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates in unstimulated natural cycle frozen embryo transfers: a prospective cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Youngster","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.12.030","article-title":"Endometrial compaction before frozen euploid embryo transfer improves ongoing pregnancy rates","volume":"113","author":"Zilberberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025071304161488400_hoaf039-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead212","article-title":"Blastocyst quality and reproductive and perinatal outcomes: a multinational multicentre observational study","volume":"38","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf039\/63536709\/hoaf039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2025\/3\/hoaf039\/63536709\/hoaf039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2025\/3\/hoaf039\/63536709\/hoaf039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T08:16:23Z","timestamp":1752394583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf039\/8169935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"hoaf039"}}