{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:06:36Z","timestamp":1790996796687,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":183,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male factors contribute to \u223c50% of all infertility cases globally and are a major contributor to escalating use of ART. In most instances, sub-fertile men retain the ability to produce spermatozoa, albeit with reduced quality and function. By necessity, an important feature of ART is the use of technologies that bypass the natural selection barriers that prevent poor-quality spermatozoa from participating in fertilization. This means that ART carries a significant risk of facilitating fertilization with poor-quality gametes harbouring undetected DNA damage and\/or altered epigenomes. Such a scenario may account for the epidemiological links between the use of \u2018high intervention\u2019 technologies [e.g. ICSI] and an increased risk of adverse offspring outcomes. Such data highlight a pressing need for improved sperm selection tools that better mimic natural selection barriers, to ensure only the highest-quality spermatozoa are used for ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current sperm selection techniques for ART and the processes underpinning sperm maturation have often been considered independently and therefore reviewed separately. Here we outline the requirement for connecting research paradigms towards advancing clinical outcomes. This review highlights the importance of combining our advancing knowledge of sperm maturation biology with the pursuit of rational sperm selection strategies for the clinic; specifically, this narrative review summarizes the current clinical technologies used for sperm selection with a focus on their physiological relevance and limitations. We have given consideration to the events associated with sperm maturation and the importance of zona pellucida (ZP) binding as inspiration to inform the development of the next generation of sperm selection strategies. The connections and information presented should provide utility and interest for both clinicians and reproductive biologists alike.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SEARCH METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PubMed database was queried using the keywords: sperm selection\/function\/DNA quality\/epigenome, ART, ICSI, male infertility, capacitation, zona pellucida, sperm\u2013zona pellucida binding, DNA damage, and biofabrication. These keywords were combined with other relevant phrases. Literature was restricted to peer-reviewed articles in English (published between 1972 and 2024) with references within these articles also searched.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OUTCOMES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During natural conception, high-quality sperm are \u2018selected\u2019, maximizing the chances of fertilization with healthy gametes carrying intact genomic\/epigenetic cargo. This sub-population of spermatozoa possess the capacity to interact with the female reproductive tract and complete the suite of functional maturation processes required for successful fertilization and initiation of embryonic development. However, ART \u2018high intervention\u2019 strategies bypass these selective barriers leading to an increased risk of inadvertently transferring genomic defects to the offspring with potential downstream consequences for offspring health. This review contextualizes why current sperm selection technologies have provided only minor improvement to live birth rates following ART. We posit that capitalizing on sperm\u2013ZP binding (the penultimate step of successful fertilization) with novel ZP mimetic technologies provides an attractive, but understudied, tool for clinical selection of fertilization-competent spermatozoa for ART improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of bias in the interpretation of findings for a narrative review cannot be completely eliminated. Literature was limited to the language the authors speak: English.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>WIDER IMPLICATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ART has provided transformative advancement for infertile couples, however, gaps in our fundamental understanding of how the best gametes are \u2018selected\u2019 during natural conception, which when unaccounted for during clinical conception, present a risk of continued reliance on ART and health consequences for the next generation. The purpose of this article was to contextualize our current knowledge across both sperm maturation events and current selection strategies for these cells in the clinic. We outline the potential for improved clinical outcomes through the advancement of our understanding in gamete biology in concert with the development of novel methods for artificial gamete selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>STUDY FUNDING\/COMPETING INTEREST(S)<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No external funding, but financial support was received from the School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia. R.J.A. is a scientific advisor to Memphasys Ltd, a biotechnology company with interests in reproductive health and responsible for developing the Felix\u2122 electrophoretic sperm isolation device. R.J.A.\u00a0receives salary and grant from, and has stock in, Memphasys Ltd. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T08:00:48Z","timestamp":1751443248000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Improving sperm selection strategies for assisted reproduction through closing the knowledge gap in sperm maturation mechanics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6352-7841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanah May","family":"Hart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute , New Lambton Heights, NSW,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2745-8188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute , New Lambton Heights, NSW,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0876-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacinta Hope","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute , New Lambton Heights, NSW,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9152-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert John","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute , New Lambton Heights, NSW,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6978-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geoffry Nunzio","family":"De Iuliis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute , New Lambton Heights, NSW,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B1","first-page":"475","article-title":"Biofabrication methods for reconstructing extracellular matrix mimetics","volume":"31","author":"Aazmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1","article-title":"A unique view on male infertility around the globe","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.02.088","article-title":"Oxidative stress in an assisted reproductive techniques setting","volume":"86","author":"Agarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1","article-title":"Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction","volume":"32","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19991101)284:6<696::AID-JEZ11>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Fertilizing ability of DNA-damaged spermatozoa","volume":"284","author":"Ahmadi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B6","first-page":"184","article-title":"Comparison of the efficiency of magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection (PICSI) for sperm selection in cases with unexplained infertility","volume":"23","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02377-w","article-title":"The influence of the female reproductive tract and sperm features on the design of microfluidic sperm-sorting devices","volume":"39","author":"Ahmadkhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei024","article-title":"Development of a novel electrophoretic system for the isolation of human spermatozoa","volume":"20","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01164.x","article-title":"The electrophoretic separation of spermatozoa: an analysis of genotype, surface carbohydrate composition and potential for capacitation","volume":"34","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.153850","article-title":"Are sperm capacitation and apoptosis the opposite ends of a continuum driven by oxidative stress?","volume":"17","author":"Aitken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1988.tb01067.x","article-title":"Significance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in defining the efficacy of sperm preparation techniques","volume":"9","author":"Aitken","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod41.1.183","article-title":"Generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and human sperm function","volume":"41","author":"Aitken","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu204","article-title":"Potential importance of transition metals in the induction of DNA damage by sperm preparation media","volume":"29","author":"Aitken","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod59.5.1037","article-title":"Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa","volume":"59","author":"Aitken","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat067","article-title":"Sperm capacitation: a distant landscape glimpsed but unexplored","volume":"19","author":"Aitken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33048","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.366690","article-title":"Electrophilic aldehydes generated by sperm metabolism activate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis by targeting succinate dehydrogenase","volume":"287","author":"Aitken","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B17","first-page":"343","article-title":"Effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on embryo development: clinical and biological aspects","volume":"21","author":"Alvarez Sedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2020.1837994","article-title":"Microfluidic sperm selection yields higher sperm quality compared to conventional method in ICSI program: a pilot study","volume":"67","author":"Anbari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1983.tb00558.x","article-title":"The use of Percoll gradients for the preparation of subpopulations of human spermatozoa","volume":"6","author":"Arcidiacono","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.8.1850","article-title":"Growth retardation and early death of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase knockout mice with augmented proliferation and abnormal differentiation of epithelial cells","volume":"16","author":"Asano","year":"1997","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01214","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation activates surface chaperones facilitating sperm-zona recognition","volume":"117","author":"Asquith","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201404025","article-title":"A single domain of the ZP2 zona pellucida protein mediates gamete recognition in mice and humans","volume":"205","author":"Avella","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat004","article-title":"The molecular basis of gamete recognition in mice and humans","volume":"19","author":"Avella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.02.050","article-title":"DNA fragmentation of normal spermatozoa negatively impacts embryo quality and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome","volume":"94","author":"Avenda\u00f1o","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.01.015","article-title":"Fragmentation of DNA in morphologically normal human spermatozoa","volume":"91","author":"Avenda\u00f1o","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13015","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13015","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of sperm proteins in infertile men with high levels of reactive oxygen species","volume":"50","author":"Ayaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2015.98475","article-title":"Analysis of the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and conventional semen parameters in infertile men","volume":"41","author":"Aydos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turk J Urol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201203062","article-title":"Human sperm bind to the N-terminal domain of ZP2 in humanized zonae pellucidae in transgenic mice","volume":"197","author":"Baibakov","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.126680","article-title":"Defining the mechanisms by which the reactive oxygen species by-product, 4-hydroxynonenal, affects human sperm cell function","volume":"92","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02595.x","article-title":"Real-time fine morphology of motile human sperm cells is associated with IVF-ICSI outcome","volume":"23","author":"Bartoov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew245","article-title":"Semen quality of young adult ICSI offspring: the first results","volume":"31","author":"Belva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13203","article-title":"Juno is the egg Izumo receptor and is essential for mammalian fertilization","volume":"508","author":"Bianchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020467","article-title":"Analyzing the differential impact of semen preparation methods on the outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques","volume":"11","author":"Bibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R155","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0589","article-title":"The impact of epididymal proteins on sperm function","volume":"158","author":"Bjorkgren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.08.063","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes of conventional intracytoplasmic sperm injection and intracytoplasmic sperm injection using sperm bound to the zona pellucida of immature oocytes","volume":"93","author":"Black","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.06.021","article-title":"Capacitation-dependent reorganization of microdomains in the apical sperm head plasma membrane: functional relationship with zona binding and the zona-induced acrosome reaction","volume":"70","author":"Boerke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34189","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304026200","article-title":"Structural characterization of native mouse zona pellucida proteins using mass spectrometry","volume":"278","author":"Boja","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gav041","article-title":"Novel characterization of the HSPA2-stabilizing protein BAG6 in human spermatozoa","volume":"21","author":"Bromfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev214","article-title":"The impact of oxidative stress on chaperone-mediated human sperm-egg interaction","volume":"30","author":"Bromfield","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B42","first-page":"91","article-title":"Proteolytic degradation of heat shock protein A2 occurs in response to oxidative stress in male germ cells of the mouse","volume":"23","author":"Bromfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-12-0316","article-title":"The function of chaperone proteins in the assemblage of protein complexes involved in gamete adhesion and fusion processes","volume":"145","author":"Bromfield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201112094","article-title":"Ovastacin, a cortical granule protease, cleaves ZP2 in the zona pellucida to prevent polyspermy","volume":"197","author":"Burkart","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.088088","article-title":"Modification of heat shock protein 90 by 4-hydroxynonenal in a rat model of chronic alcoholic liver disease","volume":"315","author":"Carbone","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1021\/tx049838g","article-title":"Inhibition of Hsp72-mediated protein refolding by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal","volume":"17","author":"Carbone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00295","article-title":"Proteomic changes in human sperm during sequential in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction","volume":"7","author":"Castillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead170","article-title":"Proteomics of human spermatozoa","volume":"38","author":"Castillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1302","article-title":"A simple zeta method for sperm selection based on membrane charge","volume":"85","author":"Chan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6193","article-title":"Inactivation of the mouse sperm receptor, mZP3, by site-directed mutagenesis of individual serine residues located at the combining site for sperm","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des447","article-title":"The role of carbohydrate recognition during human sperm\u2013egg binding","volume":"28","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay7619","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay7619","article-title":"High-resolution 4-D acquisition of freely swimming human sperm cells without staining","volume":"6","author":"Dardikman-Yoffe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008095","article-title":"Reproductive technologies and the risk of birth defects","volume":"366","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174417000526","article-title":"Assisted reproductive technologies: a hierarchy of risks for conception, pregnancy outcomes and treatment decisions","volume":"8","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15631","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2635507100","article-title":"Murine and human zona pellucida 3 derived from mouse eggs express identical O-glycans","volume":"100","author":"Dell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201400093","article-title":"Holographic imaging of unlabelled sperm cells for semen analysis: a review","volume":"8","author":"Di Caprio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010203","article-title":"Proteomic signatures reveal differences in stress response, antioxidant defense and proteasomal activity in fertile men with high seminal ROS levels","volume":"20","author":"Dias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B58","first-page":"351","article-title":"Impact of the Z potential technique on reducing the sperm DNA fragmentation index, fertilization rate and embryo development","volume":"21","author":"Duarte","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.017350","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation of HSP-90 during mammalian sperm capacitation","volume":"69","author":"Ecroyd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03073-X","article-title":"Sperm maturity and treatment choice of in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection: diminished sperm HspA2 chaperone levels predict IVF failure","volume":"77","author":"Ergur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080320109","article-title":"Human zona pellucida during in vitro fertilization: an ultrastructural study using saponin, ruthenium red, and osmium-thiocarbohydrazide","volume":"32","author":"Familiari","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20301","article-title":"Three-dimensional structure of the zona pellucida at ovulation","volume":"69","author":"Familiari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den330","article-title":"Prospective controlled trial of an electrophoretic method of sperm preparation for assisted reproduction: comparison with density gradient centrifugation","volume":"23","author":"Fleming","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90084-4","article-title":"O-linked oligosaccharides of mouse egg ZP3 account for its sperm receptor activity","volume":"41","author":"Florman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188178","article-title":"Gamete recognition in mice depends on the cleavage status of an egg\u2019s zona pellucida protein","volume":"329","author":"Gahlay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1530\/RAF-21-0041","article-title":"Sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation after zona pellucida selection","volume":"2","author":"Ganeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.11.029","article-title":"Sperm selected by both birefringence and motile sperm organelle morphology examination have reduced deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation","volume":"101","author":"Garolla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2011.01258.x","article-title":"Selection of birefringent spermatozoa under Polscope: effect on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome","volume":"44","author":"Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.05.078","article-title":"Sperm head\u2019s birefringence: a new criterion for sperm selection","volume":"90","author":"Gianaroli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.20166","article-title":"Expression of gp20, a human sperm antigen of epididymal origin, is reduced in spermatozoa from subfertile men","volume":"69","author":"Giuliani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020222","article-title":"Arylsulfatase A remodeling during human sperm in vitro capacitation using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM)","volume":"10","author":"Gomez-Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1140\/epje\/s10189-021-00076-z","article-title":"Reconstruction of the three-dimensional beat pattern underlying swimming behaviors of sperm","volume":"44","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Phys J E Soft Matter"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.2004.04266.x","article-title":"The role of histones in chromatin remodelling during mammalian spermiogenesis","volume":"271","author":"Govin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2013.037","article-title":"The role of epigenetics in spermatogenesis","volume":"39","author":"Gunes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Turk J Urol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619868","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.619868","article-title":"Human zona pellucida glycoproteins: binding characteristics with human spermatozoa and induction of acrosome reaction","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10316","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60586-6","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of spermatozoal RNA elements in idiopathic infertile males undergoing fertility treatment","volume":"14","author":"Hamilton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/6.2.300","article-title":"Penetration of zone-free eggs by spermatozoa of different species","volume":"6","author":"Hanada","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2019.05.027","article-title":"The dynamics and regulation of chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis","volume":"706","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-1-108","article-title":"Sperm preparation for ART","volume":"1","author":"Henkel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2022.100636","article-title":"Sperm mRNAs as potential markers of male fertility","volume":"22","author":"Hernandez-Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00134","article-title":"Concepts in sperm heterogeneity, sperm selection and sperm competition as biological foundations for laboratory tests of semen quality","volume":"127","author":"Holt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-019-0087-9","article-title":"Identification of small non-coding RNAs as sperm quality biomarkers for in vitro fertilization","volume":"5","author":"Hua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220133","DOI":"10.1530\/RAF-22-0133","article-title":"Analysis of sperm separation protocols for isolating cryopreserved human spermatozoa","volume":"4","author":"Hungerford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00402-3","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid binding by human sperm indicates cellular maturity, viability, and unreacted acrosomal status","volume":"79","author":"Huszar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2020.01.31","article-title":"Relationship between sperm morphology and sperm DNA dispersion","volume":"9","author":"Jakubik-Uljasz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey340","article-title":"JUNO, the receptor of sperm IZUMO1, is expressed by the human oocyte and is essential for human fertilisation","volume":"34","author":"Jean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh311","article-title":"Carbohydrate analysis of the zona pellucida and cortical granules of human oocytes by means of ultrastructural cytochemistry","volume":"19","author":"Jimenez-Movilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-016-0676-6","article-title":"Outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection using the zona pellucida-bound sperm or manually selected sperm","volume":"33","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R113","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0639","article-title":"Sperm and seminal plasma RNAs: what roles do they play beyond fertilization?","volume":"158","author":"Jodar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4846","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08798-6","article-title":"Human live spermatozoa morphology assessment using digital holographic microscopy","volume":"12","author":"Kamieniczna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B91","first-page":"55","article-title":"DGC\/Zeta as a new strategy to improve clinical outcome in male factor infertility patients following intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a randomized, single-blind, clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"Karimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell J"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00784-z","article-title":"Does microfluidic sperm sorting affect embryo euploidy rates in couples with high sperm DNA fragmentation?","volume":"29","author":"Keskin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-023-00820-4","article-title":"Frequency, morbidity and equity\u2014the case for increased research on male fertility","volume":"21","author":"Kimmins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1159\/000016810","article-title":"New insights into the origin, structure and role of CD52: a major component of the mammalian sperm glycocalyx","volume":"168","author":"Kirchhoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbms.2022.01.001","article-title":"Families formed through assisted reproductive technology: causes, experiences, and consequences in an international context","volume":"14","author":"Kuhnt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Soc Online"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.170370","article-title":"Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: a review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.07.905","article-title":"Association between low motility and sperm DNA fragmentation despite sperm count in men","volume":"98","author":"Kvitko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.7.1562","article-title":"Computer-assisted semen analysis parameters as predictors for fertility of men from the general population. The Danish First Pregnancy Planner Study Team","volume":"15","author":"Larsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq009","article-title":"Magnetic-activated cell sorting for sperm preparation reduces spermatozoa with apoptotic markers and improves the acrosome reaction in couples with unexplained infertility","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B100","first-page":"CD010461","article-title":"Advanced sperm selection techniques for assisted reproduction","volume":"7","author":"Lepine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.06.014","article-title":"The impact of sperm DNA damage in assisted conception and beyond: recent advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2022.10.017","article-title":"Novel mutations in TUBB8 and ZP3 cause human oocyte maturation arrest and female infertility","volume":"279","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.125.5.1157","article-title":"A hyaluronidase activity of the sperm plasma membrane protein PH-20 enables sperm to penetrate the cumulus cell layer surrounding the egg","volume":"125","author":"Lin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37820-2","article-title":"Emerging evidence that the mammalian sperm epigenome serves as a template for embryo development","volume":"14","author":"Lismer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.6.5.577","article-title":"Transgenic mice with reduced numbers of functional sperm receptors on their eggs reproduce normally","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0940071","article-title":"Morphology of spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida of human oocytes that failed to fertilize in vitro","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem044","article-title":"Human sperm bound to the zona pellucida have normal nuclear chromatin as assessed by acridine orange fluorescence","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg456","article-title":"Low proportions of sperm can bind to the zona pellucida of human oocytes","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.10.005","article-title":"Clinical value of sperm DNA damage should be assessed in motile sperm fraction rather than whole ejaculated sperm","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.09.015","article-title":"Use of zona pellucida-bound sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection produces higher embryo quality and implantation than conventional intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4121","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.20.4121","article-title":"Sperm from beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase-null mice are refractory to ZP3-induced acrosome reactions and penetrate the zona pellucida poorly","volume":"124","author":"Lu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38073","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.380584","article-title":"Sialidases on mammalian sperm mediate deciduous sialylation during capacitation","volume":"287","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.137810","article-title":"Sialylation facilitates the maturation of mammalian sperm and affects its survival in female uterus","volume":"94","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2022.11.015","article-title":"Birefringence properties of human immotile spermatozoa and ICSI outcome","volume":"46","author":"Magli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(91)90085-T","article-title":"Fucoidin inhibits the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa","volume":"44","author":"Mahony","year":"1991","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000745","article-title":"Reasons for worldwide decline in male fertility","volume":"30","author":"Mann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2010.01138.x","article-title":"Germ-cell hyaluronidases: their roles in sperm function","volume":"34","author":"Martin-Deleon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1319-x","article-title":"Magnetic-activated cell sorting is not completely effective at reducing sperm DNA fragmentation","volume":"35","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1020081","article-title":"Distribution of carbohydrates in the zona pellucida of human oocytes","volume":"102","author":"Maymon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/3.5.399","article-title":"Glycosidic residues involved in human sperm-zona pellucida binding in vitro","volume":"3","author":"Miranda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1983.tb00545.x","article-title":"Development of the oocyte-penetrating capacity of spermatozoa in the human epididymis","volume":"6","author":"Moore","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063276","article-title":"New insights into the mammalian egg zona pellucida","volume":"22","author":"Moros-Nicolas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43981-2","article-title":"Sperm selection with density gradient centrifugation and swim up: effect on DNA fragmentation in viable spermatozoa","volume":"9","author":"Muratori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.10.004","article-title":"Effect of sperm selection method by cumulus oophorus complexes and conventional sperm preparation method on sperm quality and DNA fragmentation for assisted reproduction techonology","volume":"243","author":"Naknam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B125","first-page":"253","article-title":"Zeta sperm selection improves pregnancy rate and alters sex ratio in male factor infertility patients: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Nasr Esfahani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-008-9223-4","article-title":"Evaluation of sperm selection procedure based on hyaluronic acid binding ability on ICSI outcome","volume":"25","author":"Nasr-Esfahani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.04.009","article-title":"Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors","volume":"59","author":"Neto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c00045","article-title":"3D extracellular matrix mimics: fundamental concepts and role of materials chemistry to influence stem cell fate","volume":"21","author":"Nicolas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.06.258","article-title":"The biological significance of detergent-resistant membranes in spermatozoa","volume":"83","author":"Nixon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.RA118.000946","article-title":"Proteomic profiling of mouse epididymosomes reveals their contributions to post-testicular sperm maturation","volume":"18","author":"Nixon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145533","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1145533","article-title":"New horizons in human sperm selection for assisted reproduction","volume":"14","author":"Nixon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.11.033","article-title":"Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 30 years on: too much of a good thing?","volume":"117","author":"Norman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54077-1","article-title":"Nature of the inhibitory effect of complex saccharide moieties on the tight binding of human spermatozoa to the human zona pellucida","volume":"55","author":"Oehninger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1992.tb00347.x","article-title":"Effect of fucoidin on human sperm-zona pellucida interactions","volume":"13","author":"Oehninger","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab134","article-title":"Nuclear heterogeneity is prevalent in high-quality fractionated human sperm cells typically used for assisted conception","volume":"36","author":"Ogle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00298","article-title":"Novel techniques of sperm selection for improving IVF and ICSI outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Oseguera-L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/429154a","article-title":"Reproductive biology: delivering spermatozoan RNA to the oocyte","volume":"429","author":"Ostermeier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9123976","article-title":"Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS): a useful sperm-selection technique in cases of high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation","volume":"9","author":"Pacheco","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.09.020","article-title":"Outcome of ICSI using zona pellucida-bound spermatozoa and conventionally selected spermatozoa","volume":"19","author":"Paes Almeida Ferreira de Braga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1207438","article-title":"Human sperm binding is mediated by the sialyl-Lewis(x) oligosaccharide on the zona pellucida","volume":"333","author":"Pang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10070522","article-title":"Sperm proteome analysis and identification of fertility-associated biomarkers in unexplained male infertility","volume":"10","author":"Panner Selvam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.033","article-title":"\u201cPhysiologic ICSI\u201d: hyaluronic acid (HA) favors selection of spermatozoa without DNA fragmentation and with normal nucleus, resulting in improvement of embryo quality","volume":"93","author":"Parmegiani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12324","article-title":"An investigation of the potential effect of sperm nuclear vacuoles in human spermatozoa on DNA fragmentation using a neutral and alkaline Comet assay","volume":"5","author":"Pastuszek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12569","article-title":"Post-ejaculatory modifications to sperm (PEMS)","volume":"95","author":"Pitnick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.05.674","article-title":"Involvement of multimeric protein complexes in mediating the capacitation-dependent binding of human spermatozoa to homologous zonae pellucidae","volume":"356","author":"Redgrove","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gas064","article-title":"Investigation of the mechanisms by which the molecular chaperone HSPA2 regulates the expression of sperm surface receptors involved in human sperm-oocyte recognition","volume":"19","author":"Redgrove","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50851","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050851","article-title":"The molecular chaperone HSPA2 plays a key role in regulating the expression of sperm surface receptors that mediate sperm-egg recognition","volume":"7","author":"Redgrove","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.74","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms regulating sperm-zona pellucida interaction","volume":"13","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B149","first-page":"234","article-title":"Sperm selection by birefringence: a promising non-invasive tool to improve ICSI outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12406-z","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine on viable sperm and phagocytic machinery in oocytes regulate mammalian fertilization","volume":"10","author":"Rival","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)61437-X","article-title":"Evaluation of sperm recovery following annexin V magnetic-activated cell sorting separation","volume":"13","author":"Said","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv042","article-title":"Sperm selection in natural conception: what can we learn from Mother Nature to improve assisted reproduction outcomes?","volume":"21","author":"Sakkas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod26.3.429","article-title":"Development of the ability to bind to zonae pellucidae during epididymal maturation: reversible immobilization of mouse-spermatozoa by lanthanum","volume":"26","author":"Saling","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400817","article-title":"Phosphatidylserine, a death knell","volume":"8","author":"Schlegel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.4103\/aja202176","article-title":"Sperm hyaluronidase is critical to mammals\u2019 fertilization for its ability to disperse cumulus-oocyte complex layer","volume":"24","author":"Seol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-022-02680-0","article-title":"A comparison between the Felix electrophoretic system of sperm isolation and conventional density gradient centrifugation: a multicentre analysis","volume":"40","author":"Shapouri","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.08.019","article-title":"Sperm DNA damage measured by the alkaline Comet assay as an independent predictor of male infertility and in vitro fertilization success","volume":"95","author":"Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2016.1229365","article-title":"Improving ICSI: a review from the spermatozoon perspective","volume":"62","author":"Simopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-012-9885-9","article-title":"CASA derived human sperm abnormalities: correlation with chromatin packing and DNA fragmentation","volume":"29","author":"Sivanarayana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111655","article-title":"Global profiling of the proteomic changes associated with the post-testicular maturation of mouse spermatozoa","volume":"41","author":"Skerrett-Byrne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi047","article-title":"Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract","volume":"12","author":"Suarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw015","article-title":"The human epididymis: its function in sperm maturation","volume":"22","author":"Sullivan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-015-0129-z","article-title":"Sperm midpiece apoptotic markers: impact on fertilizing potential in in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"29","author":"Talarczyk-Desole","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1217","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1217","article-title":"Analysis of selected sperm samples by a computer-assisted system with high frame rate: a prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.2741\/2186","article-title":"New insights into sperm-zona pellucida interaction: involvement of sperm lipid rafts","volume":"12","author":"Tanphaichitr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22500","article-title":"Sugar-coated sperm: unraveling the functions of the mammalian sperm glycocalyx","volume":"82","author":"Tecle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B167","first-page":"CD010167","article-title":"Regular (ICSI) versus ultra-high magnification (IMSI) sperm selection for assisted reproduction","volume":"2","author":"Teixeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21437","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.37.21437","article-title":"Oocyte Gal alpha 1,3Gal epitopes implicated in sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3 are not required for fertilization in the mouse","volume":"270","author":"Thall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2018.07.020","article-title":"Glycan-independent gamete recognition triggers egg zinc sparks and ZP2 cleavage to prevent polyspermy","volume":"46","author":"Tokuhiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109787","article-title":"Acrylamide modulates the mouse epididymal proteome to drive alterations in the sperm small non-coding RNA profile and dysregulate embryo development","volume":"37","author":"Trigg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010133","article-title":"Ligands and receptors involved in the sperm-zona pellucida interactions in mammals","volume":"10","author":"Tumova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061297","article-title":"Co-adaptation of physical attributes of the mammalian female reproductive tract and sperm to facilitate fertilization","volume":"10","author":"Tung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-023-00501-7","article-title":"Sperm quality metrics were improved by a biomimetic microfluidic selection platform compared to swim-up methods","volume":"9","author":"Vasilescu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microsyst Nanoeng"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13384","article-title":"Spermatozoa isolation with Felix\u2122 outperforms conventional density gradient centrifugation preparation in selecting cells with low DNA damage","volume":"11","author":"Villeneuve","year":"2023","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7100132","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the male germline: a review of novel strategies to reduce 4-hydroxynonenal production","volume":"7","author":"Walters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774260","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.774260","article-title":"DNA methylation differences between zona pellucida-bound and manually selected spermatozoa are associated with autism susceptibility","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-010X(19991015)285:3<251::AID-JEZ8>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Structure and function of the mammalian egg zona pellucida","volume":"285","author":"Wassarman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24285","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R800027200","article-title":"Zona pellucida glycoproteins","volume":"283","author":"Wassarman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76106","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76106","article-title":"Female fertility and the zona pellucida","volume":"11","author":"Wassarman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac058","article-title":"Sperm selection with hyaluronic acid improved live birth outcomes among older couples and was connected to sperm DNA quality, potentially affecting all treatment outcomes","volume":"37","author":"West","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioae057","article-title":"Label-free, high-throughput holographic imaging to evaluate mammalian gametes and embryos","volume":"110","author":"Wheeler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B182","volume-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","edition":"6th edn"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0280477","article-title":"Penetration of Guinea-pig spermatozoa into hamster eggs in vitro","volume":"28","author":"Yanagimachi","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1375-2","article-title":"Effects of the microfluidic chip technique in sperm selection for intracytoplasmic sperm injection for unexplained infertiltiy: a prospective, randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Yetkinel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2107500118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2107500118","article-title":"Mammalian sperm hyperactivation regulates navigation via physical boundaries and promotes pseudo-chemotaxis","volume":"118","author":"Zaferani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.311","article-title":"Male infertility and sperm DNA fragmentation","volume":"6","author":"Zeqiraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00059","article-title":"Characteristics of the epididymal luminal environment responsible for sperm maturation and storage","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.26.189","article-title":"Cumulus oophorus extracellular matrix: its construction and regulation","volume":"26","author":"Zhuo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell Struct Funct"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01796-9","article-title":"Correlations between two markers of sperm DNA integrity, DNA denaturation and DNA fragmentation, in fertile and infertile men","volume":"75","author":"Zini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025072215263614600_hoaf040-B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den321","article-title":"Sperm DNA damage is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss after IVF and ICSI: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Zini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["Human Reproduction Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf040\/63662151\/hoaf040.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2025\/3\/hoaf040\/63662151\/hoaf040.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article-pdf\/2025\/3\/hoaf040\/63662151\/hoaf040.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T19:27:05Z","timestamp":1753212425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/hropen\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf040\/8185546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":188,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hropen\/hoaf040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3529"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3529","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"hoaf040"}}